Mediation analysis for the effect of birth weight on inhibitory control via caudate volume.

<p>Model adjusted for sex and intracranial volume. Coefficients shown are standardized regression coefficients. The total indirect effect of birth weight on inhibitory control was statistically significant at p = .025. Omitting caudate volume from the analysis, birth weight was associated with inhibitory control, β = 0.41, p = .043.</p

Associations of birth weight with bilateral structural measures of cortical regions of interest.

<p><i>Note</i>. Adjusted for sex and intracranial volume. LOFC: lateral orbitofrontal cortex; MOFC: medial orbitofrontal cortex; rIFG: Right inferior frontal gyrus; ACC: Anterior cingulate cortex.</p

Associations of birth weight with volume of subcortical gray matter regions of interest.

<p><i>Note</i>. Adjusted for sex and intracranial volume.</p

Cortical and subcortical anatomical target regions of interest (ROIs) for this study.

<p>LH: Left hemisphere; RH: Right hemisphere; rIFG: Right inferior frontal gyrus; LOFC: lateral orbitofrontal cortex; MOFC: medial orbitofrontal cortex; ACC: Anterior cingulate cortex.</p

Characteristics of the sample as represented by three groups of fetal growth.

<p>Note that the only statistically significant differences between groups was in birth weight (see text for details).</p>a<p>M (SD);</p>b<p>n (%); FG: Fetal growth.</p

Mean (±SE) tympanic membrane temperature laterality 4.5 minutes after acute psychosocial stress relates to birth weight difference from that predicted by placental weight.

<p><i>P</i> = .00048 for trend.</p

Partial correlations of measures of fetal and placental growth with tympanic membrane temperature (TMT) in the left and right ears, before and after acute psychosocial stress.

<p>*Birth weight adjusted for placental weight by linear regression. Correlations were adjusted for the participant's sex, hand preference and gestational age at birth.</p

Partial correlations of measures of fetal and placental growth with tympanic membrane temperature laterality, before and after acute psychosocial stress.

<p>*Birth weight adjusted for placental weight by linear regression. Correlations were adjusted for the participant's sex, hand preference and gestational age at birth.</p

Flow chart of study participants.

<p>Flow chart of study participants.</p

Mean (SD) tympanic membrane temperature for the left and right ears and the difference between them, prior to and following stress.

<p>*<i>P</i><.05, ^**<i>P</i><.0001. <i>P</i>-values refer to paired two-way student <i>t</i>-tests of measures following stress with those at baseline (120 minutes before stress).</p