Studies on the Gametogenesis in Polyploid Ginbuna Carassius auratus langsdorfii

The structural changes of the chromosomes during meiosis of gynogenetic triploid female ginbuna Carassius auratus langsdorfii, and naturally produced or sex-reversed male ginbuna were studied cytologically. In triploid female ginbuna, at zygotene stage two homologue-like chromosomes out of three were sometimes adjacent each other in the neighbourhood. At pachytene stage almost all of the chromosomes were univalents, and at diplotene stage almost all of lampbrush chromosomes were also univalents. From these results it seems probable that the two homologue-like chromosomes undergo synapsis at zygotene stage, but they might be separated to univalents on and after pachytene stage. Thereafter, each univalent chromosome might be split to two chromatids and result in separation of one chromatids to one direction and the other to the opposite one. In this way, the egg may maintain the maternal chromosome number and karyotype throughout the oogenesis. On the other hand, in some specimens at diplotene stage at most two to three bivalent lampbrush chromosomes, connected with one chiasma, were observed. These facts seem to explain the hypervariabilities among the gynogenetic triploid ginbuna. On the other hand, male individuals were almost similar to the processes in meiosis, though in some chromosomes it observed a few bivalents and rod-shaped bi-, tri-, and multivalent chromosomes at metaphase.Article信州大学理学部紀要 19(1): 37-52(1984)departmental bulletin pape

Citizen’s Perception on Eco-friendly Lifestyle for Conserving Endangered Oriental White Stork and Crested Ibis Bird Species in Japan – Case Studies in Toyoka, Sado and Konosu Cities

This study aims to find out the relationship between an eco-friendly lifestyle and the attitude towards conservation of endangered Oriental White Stork and Japanese Crested Ibis bird species in Toyooka, Sado, and Konosu cities in Japan. Citizens were surveyed to assess their willingness to spend an eco-friendly lifestyle to protect the above-mentioned endangered bird species through questionnaire surveys. Ecological Mind Evaluation Scale (EM Evaluation scale) developed by Tanaka and Joh (2012) based on Hirose model and Bandura’s research on Self Efficacy was applied in this research. This Ecological Mind Evaluation Scale includes 10 factors and it was applied to develop the questionnaire survey. The factor analysis was undertaken based on 4 groups of questionnaire results; environmental awareness, attitude towards environmental conservation, environmental consciousness and self-efficacy.Factor analysis was performed using the varimax method and sample data set comprised 686 valid responses from the three study sites. The KMO values were over 0.80 indicating the sampling was adequate. According to the factor analysis Sado city scored high forenvironmental awareness and environment consciousness. Toyooka city scored high on self-efficacy and environmental consciousness. Konosu city was compared with the Toyooka and Sado cities, where more advanced habitat conservation activities are already implemented. Findings displayed that the citizens in Konosu city had low awareness about these birdconservation activities, however, they are willing to contribute in such activities in the future. Thus, this study demonstrated that by engaging in environmentally friendly lifestyles, the citizens can contribute to habitat conservation of endangered bird species

Density function theoretical investigation on the Ni3PP structure and the hydrogen adsorption property of the Ni2P(0001) surface

The electronic and structural properties of a phosphorus-terminated structure of Ni2P(0001) surface (Ni3PP) are investigated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Phosphorus adsorption largely stabilizes the Ni2P(0001) surface by creating Ni-P bonds on the Ni trimer. Atomic hydrogen can adsorb on the topmost P site although its adsorption energy is much lower than its adsorption energy on the Ni trimer site of the Ni3P2 surface. Our results suggest that the Ni trimer is the key factor for high catalytic activity

Rolling Stability Control Based on Electronic Stability Program for In-wheel-motor Electric Vehicle

In this paper, a novel robust rolling stability control (RSC) based on electronic stability program (ESP) for electric vehicle (EV) is proposed. Since EVs are driven by electric motors, they have the following four remarkable advantages: (1) motor torque generation is quick and accurate; (2) motor torque can be estimated precisely; (3) a motor can be attached to each wheel; and (4) motor can output negative torque as a brake actuator. These advantages enable high performance three dimensional vehicle motion control with a distributed in-wheel-motor system. RSC is designed using two-degree-of-freedom control (2-DOF), which achieves tracking capability to reference value and disturbance suppression. Generally, RSC and YSC are incompatible. Therefore, ESP, which is composed of estimation system(S1) and integrated vehicle motion control system(S2) is proposed. A distribution ratio of RSC and YSC is defined based on rollover index (RI) which is calculated in S1 from rolling state information. The effectiveness of proposed methods are shown by simulation and experimental results

Normal Force Stabilizing Control Using Small EV Powered only by Electric Double Layer Capacitor

This paper has two topics. The first one is development of novel electric vehicle (EV) powered only by "Electrical Double Layer Capacitor (EDLC)". The second one is normal force stabilizing (NFS) vehicle motion control using this experimental vehicle. The vehicle provides us useful experimental environment of EV′s motion control, since EDLC power system can shorten charging time. Only 30 seconds-charging enables us 20 minutes driving experiments. The development of small EV and the vehicle control system are shown. Novel vehicle stabilizing control in rolling motion using differential torque is proposed. Normal force has strong connectivity with driving force and its sudden decrease causes tire slip, which makes the whole vehicle motion unstable. The simulation and experimental results are shown and the effectiveness of proposed method is discussed