An empirical investigation on the inter-sectoral linkages in India

For a developing country like India where socio-economic problems such as poverty,unemployment and inequality influence policy decisions, it becomes important to study interlinkages among the constituent sectors so that positive growth impulses emerging among the sectors could be identified and fostered to sustain the growth momentum. An in-depth understanding of inter-sectoral dynamics becomes all the more important for policy makers so that effective monetary, credit and fiscal policies could be designed in order to be able to achieve the broader objective of inclusive development. In this backdrop, the present paper endeavors to study inter-sectoral linkages in the Indian economy both through input-output (I-O) approach and econometric exercises using co-integration and state-space models. Cointegration analysis is carried out both at sectoral and sub-sectoral levels since mid-1980s. At the broad sectoral level, primary, secondary and tertiary (excluding community, social and personal services) sectors display strong long-run equilibrium relationship amongst each other. These sectors also display strong long-run equilibrium relationship with one another in a bivariate framework. At the sub-sectoral level, existence of long-term equilibrium was found between ‘trade, hotels, transport & communication’ and ‘manufacturing’ sectors. Further, the financial sector activity in the ‘banking & insurance’ sector was found to be co-integrated with the ‘manufacturing’ and ‘primary’ sectors. The sectors, which displayed long-run equilibrium relationships, were re-estimated through state space model using Kalman filter. This also corroborated that variation in one sector influenced the other sector’s performance over time. In view of the prevailing sectoral inter-relationships, the paper explores policy options so that positive growth impulses developing among the sectors are fostered

An empirical investigation on the inter-sectoral linkages in India

For a developing country like India where socio-economic problems such as poverty,unemployment and inequality influence policy decisions, it becomes important to study interlinkages among the constituent sectors so that positive growth impulses emerging among the sectors could be identified and fostered to sustain the growth momentum. An in-depth understanding of inter-sectoral dynamics becomes all the more important for policy makers so that effective monetary, credit and fiscal policies could be designed in order to be able to achieve the broader objective of inclusive development. In this backdrop, the present paper endeavors to study inter-sectoral linkages in the Indian economy both through input-output (I-O) approach and econometric exercises using co-integration and state-space models. Cointegration analysis is carried out both at sectoral and sub-sectoral levels since mid-1980s. At the broad sectoral level, primary, secondary and tertiary (excluding community, social and personal services) sectors display strong long-run equilibrium relationship amongst each other. These sectors also display strong long-run equilibrium relationship with one another in a bivariate framework. At the sub-sectoral level, existence of long-term equilibrium was found between ‘trade, hotels, transport & communication’ and ‘manufacturing’ sectors. Further, the financial sector activity in the ‘banking & insurance’ sector was found to be co-integrated with the ‘manufacturing’ and ‘primary’ sectors. The sectors, which displayed long-run equilibrium relationships, were re-estimated through state space model using Kalman filter. This also corroborated that variation in one sector influenced the other sector’s performance over time. In view of the prevailing sectoral inter-relationships, the paper explores policy options so that positive growth impulses developing among the sectors are fostered

Prospective randomised study of cases of pelvic fracture urethral distraction defects managed by early alignment versus initial suprapubic urinary diversion with delayed urethroplasty

Background: In complex pelvic fracture urethral distraction defects (PFUDD), early management prevents incidence of devastating complications such as urinary incontinence, restenosis and urethra cutaneous fistula. The aim of the present study was to study the outcome of patients with PFUDD undergoing early alignment (either by rail roading or endoscopic) compared with initial suprapubic urinary diversion with delayed urethroplasty.Methods: This was a prospective randomized study done at KGMU, Lucknow; having PFUDD during the period from June 2014 to July 2017. Patients with PFUDD were randomized in to two groups. Group A included 22 patients and managed by supra pubic cystostomy followed by delayed urethroplasty. Group B included 23 patients and managed by primary alignment by rail-roading and early endoscopic alignment. Patients were followed up after 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months for measuring the primary and secondary outcomes during follow up.Results: The most common age group that sustained pelvic fracture urethral distraction defects injury are male of 21-40 years. In group A, stricture was present in all patients at 6 weeks post-surgery. Open urethroplasty was done at 3 months in 60% and 10% patients at 6 months.  In group B, stricture was present in 80% at 6 weeks, 40% at 3 months and 10% at 6 months. The incidence of ED in group A at 6 weeks, 3 months, was 25% patient which reduced to 20% at 6 months. In group B, ED was present in 30% patients 6 weeks, 3 months and which reduced to 25% at 6 months. No incontinence was observed in both groups.Conclusions: Primary realignment has significant benefits compared to SPC as realignment approach is associated with a 50%-55% decrease in stricture formation

Role of health economics in developing efficient universal health care system

Application of economic principles can bring about a significant change in the performance of health system. An in-depth understanding of how to generate resources, how to pool funds, how to purchase health services and pay providers of health care, will affect how the health system delivers on its two important objectives, i.e. efficiency and equity. The economic underpinnings of health system are important structural and functional factors to aid in planning and delivery of health care services. Health economics can help in making informed decisions by explaining the factors that affect consumption and utilization of health services both from the demand and supply side using the principles of microeconomics. This is vital for improving the ‘coverage’ of all desired preventive and curative health care services. Most of the recent health system interventions such as increased public health subsidy, creating demand side financing mechanisms like conditional cash transfers schemes such as Janani Suraksha Yojana, performance based payments to Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHAs), incentivizing health workforce in rural and difficult areas, are all grounded in economic theories. Despite years of advocacy, resources have been and will continue to be scarce in health sector. On the contrary, demands for increasing the coverage of existing programs and introduction of newer interventions and technology are increasing. As a result hard choices need to be made for rational allocation of resources for maximizing the value of money spent. Despite a strong felt need among policy makers and program managers for health economists, there is an acute shortage of professionals who have requisite knowledge of health economics. This calls for introduction of health economics in the curriculum of medical and public health courses. Health professionals should also be encouraged to undertake research in this field of health economics and health financing

Product Recommendation System based on User Trustworthiness & Sentiment Analysis

The current online product recommendation system based on reviews has many limitations due to randomness in the review patterns. The data which is used are the reviews and ratings from the e-commerce websites. This data might contain fake reviews that make the data uncertain. Due to this, the currently existing systems produce ambiguous results on this present data. Instead of this, the new system uses only genuine reviews, considering the trustworthiness of the user and generates the results in a more significant manner. The proposed system scrapes reviews from different online websites and performs opinion mining and sentiment analysis on it. Other factors like star ratings, the buyer’s profile and previous purchases and whether the review has been given after purchasing or not are included. Based on these factors & user trustworthiness, the website from which the user should buy the product will be recommended

Awareness about publicly sponsored health insurance schemes in Indian States.

<p>Awareness about publicly sponsored health insurance schemes in Indian States.</p

Characteristics of the selected studies.

<p>Characteristics of the selected studies.</p

Impact of Publicly Financed Health Insurance Schemes on Healthcare Utilization and Financial Risk Protection in India: A Systematic Review

<div><p>Several publicly financed health insurance schemes have been launched in India with the aim of providing universalizing health coverage (UHC). In this paper, we report the impact of publicly financed health insurance schemes on health service utilization, out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditure, financial risk protection and health status. Empirical research studies focussing on the impact or evaluation of publicly financed health insurance schemes in India were searched on PubMed, Google scholar, Ovid, Scopus, Embase and relevant websites. The studies were selected based on two stage screening PRISMA guidelines in which two researchers independently assessed the suitability and quality of the studies. The studies included in the review were divided into two groups i.e., with and without a comparison group. To assess the impact on utilization, OOP expenditure and health indicators, only the studies with a comparison group were reviewed. Out of 1265 articles screened after initial search, 43 studies were found eligible and reviewed in full text, finally yielding 14 studies which had a comparator group in their evaluation design. All the studies (n-7) focussing on utilization showed a positive effect in terms of increase in the consumption of health services with introduction of health insurance. About 70% studies (n-5) studies with a strong design and assessing financial risk protection showed no impact in reduction of OOP expenditures, while remaining 30% of evaluations (n-2), which particularly evaluated state sponsored health insurance schemes, reported a decline in OOP expenditure among the enrolled households. One study which evaluated impact on health outcome showed reduction in mortality among enrolled as compared to non-enrolled households, from conditions covered by the insurance scheme. While utilization of healthcare did improve among those enrolled in the scheme, there is no clear evidence yet to suggest that these have resulted in reduced OOP expenditures or higher financial risk protection.</p></div

Correlation between private sector claims and density of private empanelled hospitals in the states across India.

<p>Correlation between private sector claims and density of private empanelled hospitals in the states across India.</p