81 research outputs found
Predicting the outcome of Disability Living Allowance (DLA) adult claims
This working paper considers how well coded data from Disability Living Allowance (DLA) adult claim packs can predict the outcome of these claims. The probability of receiving a care or mobility award is estimated. A range of control variables are considered. First using items that reflect the entitlement criteria for care and mobility awards and then looking at whether additional evidence was required as part of the claim process. Predicted results from these estimates were then compared with real world decisions and those made by Decision Makers on the basis of the coded information from claim packs
The portrait of Malin 2: a case study of a giant low surface brightness galaxy
The low surface brightness disc galaxy Malin2 challenges the standard theory
of galaxy evolution by its enormous total mass ~2 10^12 Ms which must have been
formed without recent major merger events. The aim of our work is to create a
coherent picture of this exotic object by using the new optical multicolor
photometric and spectroscopic observations at Apache Point Observatory as well
as archival datasets from Gemini and wide-field surveys. We performed the
Malin2 mass modelling, estimated the contribution of the host dark halo and
found that it had acquired its low central density and the huge isothermal
sphere core radius before the disc subsystem was formed. Our spectroscopic data
analysis reveals complex kinematics of stars and gas in the very inner region.
We measured the oxygen abundance in several clumps and concluded that the gas
metallicity decreases from the solar value in the centre to a half of that at
20-30 kpc. We found a small satellite and measured its mass (1/500 of the host
galaxy) and gas metallicity. One of the unique properties of Malin2 turned to
be the apparent imbalance of ISM: the molecular gas is in excess with respect
to the atomic gas for given values of the gas equilibrium turbulent pressure.
We explain this imbalance by the presence of a significant portion of the dark
gas not observable in CO and the Hi 21 cm lines. We also show that the
depletion time of the observed molecular gas traced by CO is nearly the same as
in normal galaxies. Our modelling of the UV-to-optical spectral energy
distribution favours the exponentially declined SFH over a single-burst
scenario. We argue that the massive and rarefied dark halo which had formed
before the disc component well describes all the observed properties of Malin2
and there is no need to assume additional catastrophic scenarios proposed
previously to explain the origin of giant LSB galaxies. [Abbreviated]Comment: 17 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA
Magnetic fields near the peripheries of galactic discs
Magnetic fields are observed beyond the peripheries of optically detected
galactic discs, while numerical models of their origin and the typical
magnitudes are still absent. Previously, studies of galactic dynamo have
avoided considering the peripheries of galactic discs because of the very
limited (though gradually growing) knowledge about the local properties of the
interstellar medium. Here we investigate the possibility that magnetic fields
can be generated in the outskirts of discs, taking the Milky Way as an example.
We consider a simple evolving galactic dynamo model in the "no-z" formulation,
applicable to peripheral regions of galaxies, for various assumptions about the
radial and vertical profiles of the ionized gas disc. The magnetic field may
grow as galaxies evolve, even in the more remote parts of the galactic disc,
out to radii of 15 to 30 kpc, becoming substantial after times of about 10 Gyr.
This result depends weakly on the adopted distributions of the half thickness
and surface density of the ionized gas component. The model is robust to
changes in the amplitude of the initial field and the position of its maximum
strength. The magnetic field in the remote parts of the galactic disc could be
generated in situ from a seed field by local dynamo action. Another possibility
is field production in the central regions of a galaxy, followed by transport
to the disc's periphery by the joint action of the dynamo and turbulent
diffusivity. Our results demonstrate the possibilities for the appearance and
strengthening of magnetic fields at the peripheries of disc galaxies and
emphasize the need for observational tests with new and anticipated radio
telescopes (LOFAR, MWA, and SKA).Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure
MERCHANDISING AS A SPECIAL MARKETING TECHNOLOGY
Based on the results of different researches, this article tells about merchandising as a special marketing technology, which stimulates an effective sales promotion. There is a brief description of types, ways and examples of the correct use of merchandising in foreign companies and problems of introduction this practice to a Russian retail segment
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