Цифровой двойник стенда физического подобия, имитирующий процесс переработки нефти

Цель работы – разработка и реализация полной математической модели стенда физического подобия по изучению алгоритмов автоматического управления в гидродинамических системах. В процессе исследования проводились исследования по получению математической модели стенда физического подобия, обработка экспериментальных данных, уточнение модели, синтез простейших алгоритмов автоматического управления одноконтурных систем. В результате исследования была получена математическая модель, адекватно описывающая происходящие процессы в системе. В будущем планируетсяулучшить модель, реализовать когнитивного помощника, обеспечить всестороннее цифровое планирование.The purpose of the work is the development and implementation of a complete mathematical model of the physical similarity stand for the study of automatic control algorithms in hydrodynamic systems. In the course of the research, research was carried out to obtain a mathematical model of the physical similarity stand, processing of experimental data, refinement of the model, synthesis of the simplest algorithms for automatic control of single-loop systems. As a result of the research, a mathematical model was obtained that adequately describes the processes occurring in the system. It is planned to improve the model, implement a cognitive assistant, and provide digital planning

Enhanced fullerene–Au(111) coupling in (2√3 × 2√3)R30° superstructures with intermolecular interactions

Disordered and uniform (2√3 × 2√3)R30° superstructures of fullerenes on the Au(111) surface have been studied using scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. It is shown that the deposition and growth process of a fullerene monolayer on the Au(111) surface determine the resulting superstructure. The supply of thermal energy is of importance for the activation of a Au vacancy forming process and thus, one criterion for the selection of the respective superstructure. However, here it is depicted that a vacancy–adatom pair can be formed even at room temperature. This latter process results in C60 molecules that appear slightly more bright in scanning tunnelling microscopy images and are identified in disordered (2√3 x 2√3)R30° superstructures based on a detailed structure analysis. In addition, these slightly more bright C60 molecules form uniform (2√3 x 2√3)R30° superstructures, which exhibit intermolecular interactions, likely mediated by Au adatoms. Thus, vacancy–adatom pairs forming at room temperature directly affect the resulting C60 superstructure. Differential conductivity spectra reveal a lifting of the degeneracy of the LUMO and LUMO+1 orbitals in the uniform (2√3 x 2√3)R30° superstructure and in addition, hybrid fullerene–Au(111) surface states suggest partly covalent interactions