Overview of Metabolism and Bioavailability Enhancement of Polyphenols

A proper diet is one of major factors contributing to good health and is directly related to general condition of the organism. Phenolic compounds are abundant in foods and beverages (fresh and processed fruits and vegetables, leguminous plants, cereals, herbs, spices, tea, coffee, wine, beer) and their pleiotropic biological activities result in numerous health beneficial effects. On the other hand, high reactivity and very large diversity in terms of structure and molecular weight renders polyphenols one of the most difficult groups of compounds to investigate, as evidenced by ambiguous and sometimes contradictory results of many studies. Furthermore, phenolics undergo metabolic transformations, which significantly change their biological activities. Here, we discuss some aspects of metabolism and absorption of phenolic compounds. On the basis of information reported in the literature as well as in summaries of clinical trials and patent applications, we also give an overview of strategies for enhancing their bioavailability

Additional file 1: of The association between airway eosinophilic inflammation and IL-33 in stable non-atopic COPD

Detailed Method description. (PDF 118 kb

Additional file 4: of The association between airway eosinophilic inflammation and IL-33 in stable non-atopic COPD

Table E1. Correlations between serum and sputum IL-33 and sST2, ST2 mRNA and clinical parameters in COPD. FEV1 – forced expiratory volume in first second; FVC – forced vital capacity; CAT – COPD assessment test; 6MWT – six-minute walk test; mMRC – modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scale. (PDF 39 kb

Additional file 2: of The association between airway eosinophilic inflammation and IL-33 in stable non-atopic COPD

Figure E4. Hemopoietic progenitor cells gating strategy. (PDF 88 kb

Additional file 5: of The association between airway eosinophilic inflammation and IL-33 in stable non-atopic COPD

Figure E2. Circulating (A) and sputum (B) hemopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) in patients with and without sputum eosinophilia. **p < 0.01. (PDF 56 kb