1,182 research outputs found
Low redshift quasars in the SDSS Stripe 82. The local environments
We study the environments of low redshift (z < 0.5) quasars based on a large
and homogeneous dataset from the Stripe 82 region of the Sloan Digital Sky
Survey (SDSS). We have compared the < 1 Mpc scale envi- ronments of 302 quasars
that were resolved in our recent study to those of 288 inactive galaxies with
closely matched redshifts. Crucially, the lu- minosities of the inactive
galaxies and the quasar host galaxies are also closely matched, unlike in most
previous studies. The environmental overdensities were studied by measuring the
num- ber density of galaxies within a projected distance of 200 kpc to 1 Mpc.
The galaxy number density of the quasar environments is comparable to that of
the inactive galaxies with similar luminosities, both classes of ob- jects
showing significant excess compared to the background galaxy density for
distances < 400 kpc. There is no significant dependence of the galaxy number
density on redshift, quasar or host galaxy luminosity, black hole mass or radio
loudness. This suggests that the fueling and triggering of the nuclear activity
is only weakly dependent on the local environment of quasars, and the quasar
phase may be a short-lived common phase in the life cycle of all massive
galaxies.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS, 16 page
Low redshift quasars in the SDSS Stripe 82. Host galaxy colors and close environment
We present a photometrical and morphological multicolor study of the
properties of low redshift (z<0.3) quasar hosts based on a large and
homogeneous dataset of quasars derived from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (DR7).
We used quasars that were imaged in the SDSS Stripe82 that is up to 2 mag
deeper than standard Sloan images. This sample is part of a larger dataset of
~400 quasars at z<0.5 for which both the host galaxies and their galaxy
environments were studied (Falomo et al. 2014,Karhunen et al. 2014). For 52
quasars we undertake a study of the color of the host galaxies and of their
close environments in u,g,r,i and z bands. We are able to resolve almost all
the quasars in the sample in the filters g,r,i and z and also in for about
50% of the targets. We found that the mean colors of the QSO host galaxy
(g-i=0.82+-0.26; r-i=0.26+-0.16 and u-g=1.32+-0.25) are very similar to the
values of a sample of inactive galaxies matched in terms of redshift and galaxy
luminosity with the quasar sample. There is a suggestion that the most massive
QSO hosts have bluer colors.Both quasar hosts and the comparison sample of
inactive galaxies have candidates of close ( 50 kpc) companion galaxies for
~30% of the sources with no significant difference between active and inactive
galaxies. We do not find significant correlation between the central black hole
(BH) mass and the quasar host luminosity that appears to be extra luminous at a
given BH mass with respect to the local relation (M_BH -- M_host) for inactive
galaxies. This confirms previous suggestion that a substantial disc component,
not correlated to the BH mass, is present in the galaxies hosting low z
quasars. These results support a scenario where the activation of the nucleus
has negligible effects on the global structural and photometrical properties of
the hosting galaxies.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS, 13 page
On the role of the environments and star formation for quasar activity
We investigate the host galaxy and environment properties of a sample of 400
low z (<0.5) quasars that were imaged in the SDSS Stripe82. We can detect and
study the properties of the host galaxy for more than 75% of the data sample.
We discover that quasar are mainly hosted in luminous galaxies of absolute
magnitude M* -3 < M(R) < M* and that in the quasar environments the galaxy
number density is comparable to that of inactive galaxies of similar
luminosities. For these quasars we undertake also a study in u,g,r,i and z SDSS
bands and again we discover that the mean colours of the quasar host galaxy it
is not very different with respect to the values of the sample of inactive
galaxies. For a subsample of low z sources the imaging study is complemented by
spectroscopy of quasar hosts and of close companion galaxies. This study
suggests that the supply and cause of the nuclear activity depends only weakly
on the local environment of quasars. Contrary to past suggestions, for low
redshift quasar there is a very modest connection between recent star formation
and the nuclear activity.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, proceedings of the conference "QUASARS at all
cosmic epochs", accepted for publication on Frontiers in Astronomy and Space
Scienc
Determining the Spectral Signature of Spatial Coherent Structures
We applied to an open flow a proper orthogonal decomposition (pod) technique,
on 2D snapshots of the instantaneous velocity field, to reveal the spatial
coherent structures responsible of the self-sustained oscillations observed in
the spectral distribution of time series. We applied the technique to 2D planes
out of 3D direct numerical simulations on an open cavity flow. The process can
easily be implemented on usual personal computers, and might bring deep
insights on the relation between spatial events and temporal signature in (both
numerical or experimental) open flows.Comment: 4 page
Low-redshift quasars in the SDSS Stripe 82. The local environments
We study the environments of low-redshift (z < 0.5) quasars based on a large and homogeneous data set from the Stripe 82 region of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). We have compared the <1 Mpc scale environments of 302 quasars that were resolved in our recent study to those of 288 inactive galaxies with closely matched redshifts. Crucially, the luminosities of the inactive galaxies and the quasar host galaxies are also closely matched, unlike in most previous studies. The environmental overdensities were studied by measuring the number density of galaxies within a projected distance of 200 kpc to 1 Mpc. The galaxy number density of the quasar environments is comparable to that of the inactive galaxies with similar luminosities, both classes of objects showing significant excess compared to the background galaxy density for distances <400 kpc. There is no significant dependence of the galaxy number density on redshift, quasar or host galaxy luminosity, black hole mass or radio loudness. This suggests that the fuelling and triggering of the nuclear activity is only weakly dependent on the local environment of quasars, and the quasar phase may be a short-lived common phase in the life cycle of all massive galaxies.</p
Principal manifolds and graphs in practice: from molecular biology to dynamical systems
We present several applications of non-linear data modeling, using principal
manifolds and principal graphs constructed using the metaphor of elasticity
(elastic principal graph approach). These approaches are generalizations of the
Kohonen's self-organizing maps, a class of artificial neural networks. On
several examples we show advantages of using non-linear objects for data
approximation in comparison to the linear ones. We propose four numerical
criteria for comparing linear and non-linear mappings of datasets into the
spaces of lower dimension. The examples are taken from comparative political
science, from analysis of high-throughput data in molecular biology, from
analysis of dynamical systems.Comment: 12 pages, 9 figure
An extension of Wiener integration with the use of operator theory
With the use of tensor product of Hilbert space, and a diagonalization
procedure from operator theory, we derive an approximation formula for a
general class of stochastic integrals. Further we establish a generalized
Fourier expansion for these stochastic integrals. In our extension, we
circumvent some of the limitations of the more widely used stochastic integral
due to Wiener and Ito, i.e., stochastic integration with respect to Brownian
motion. Finally we discuss the connection between the two approaches, as well
as a priori estimates and applications.Comment: 13 page
Genetic evidence implicating natriuretic peptide receptor-3 in cardiovascular disease risk: a Mendelian randomization study
Background: C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is a known target for promoting growth and has been implicated as a therapeutic opportunity for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study aimed to explore the effect of CNP on CVD risk using the Mendelian randomization (MR) framework. Methods Instrumental variables mimicking the effects of pharmacological intervention on CNP were identified as uncorrelated genetic variants located in the genes coding for its primary receptors, natriuretic peptide receptors-2 and 3 (NPR2 and NPR3), that associated with height. We performed MR and colocalization analyses to investigate the effects of NPR2 signalling and NPR3 function on CVD outcomes and risk factors. MR estimates were compared to those obtained when considering height variants from throughout the genome. Results: Genetically-proxied reduced NPR3 function was associated with a lower risk of CVD, with odds ratio (OR) 0.74 per standard deviation (SD) higher NPR3-predicted height, and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.64–0.86. This effect was greater in magnitude than observed when considering height variants from throughout the genome. For CVD subtypes, similar MR associations for NPR3-predicted height were observed when considering the outcomes of coronary artery disease (0.75, 95% CI 0.60–0.92), stroke (0.69, 95% CI 0.50–0.95) and heart failure (0.77, 95% CI 0.58–1.02). Consideration of CVD risk factors identified systolic blood pressure (SBP) as a potential mediator of the NPR3-related CVD risk lowering. For stroke, we found that the MR estimate for NPR3 was greater in magnitude than could be explained by a genetically predicted SBP effect alone. Colocalization results largely supported the MR findings, with no evidence of results being driven by effects due to variants in linkage disequilibrium. There was no MR evidence supporting effects of NPR2 on CVD risk, although this null finding could be attributable to fewer genetic variants being identified to instrument this target. Conclusions: This genetic analysis supports the cardioprotective effects of pharmacologically inhibiting NPR3 receptor function, which is only partly mediated by an effect on blood pressure. There was unlikely sufficient statistical power to investigate the cardioprotective effects of NPR2 signalling
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