Four hours after oral administration of R11567DA at 100 mg/kg, the small and large intestines were removed, homogenized, and centrifuged

The amounts of IFN-αs were measured by ELISA as described in Materials and Methods. Data represent mean ± SEM (n = 3). LI, large intestine; SI, small intestine, N.D., not detected (under detection limit), *, p < 0.0001 vs SI. Without R11567DA treatment, IFN-αs were not detected in any tissues or sera. This experiment was repeated twice with similar results.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Importance of the interferon-α system in murine large intestine indicated by microarray analysis of commensal bacteria-induced immunological changes"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/9/192</p><p>BMC Genomics 2008;9():192-192.</p><p>Published online 26 Apr 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2408602.</p><p></p

Cryostat sections of colonic tissues from mice 4 hr after the administration of saline or R11567DA

Sections were multi-labeled with anti-ISG and anti-CD11b, anti-CD11c, anti-mPDCA1 or DAPI. A, ISG15 signals were observed in colonic lamina propria of R11567DA-treated mice while saline treatment produced no signal. B, C. Portions of ISG15cells (green) were co-stained (yellow) with anti-CD11b antibody (red). Nuclei were visualized by DAPI staining (blue) in Panel B. D, ISG15CD11cdouble positive cells (yellow) were scarcely found. E, In addition to ISG15CD11bdouble-positive cells (yellow), ISG15mPDCA1double positive cells (white) were found. However, more than half of ISG15cells was stained by neither anti-CD11b nor anti-mPDCA1 antibodies (data not shown).<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Importance of the interferon-α system in murine large intestine indicated by microarray analysis of commensal bacteria-induced immunological changes"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/9/192</p><p>BMC Genomics 2008;9():192-192.</p><p>Published online 26 Apr 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2408602.</p><p></p

Importance of the interferon-α system in murine large intestine indicated by microarray analysis of commensal bacteria-induced immunological changes-1

Ted in Paneth cells. In the large intestines, the signals were detected in the discrete cells distributed in lamina propria, though further examination is necessary to elucidate whether these signals were generated from the same cells, and to determine their cellular identity. Five sections per tissue were prepared from each of 8 mice. Representative photographs were shown.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Importance of the interferon-α system in murine large intestine indicated by microarray analysis of commensal bacteria-induced immunological changes"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/9/192</p><p>BMC Genomics 2008;9():192-192.</p><p>Published online 26 Apr 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2408602.</p><p></p

Open and closed columns represent data obtained from saline- and R11567DA- treated mice, respectively

Sections prepared from 8 mice per group were used. Five low-power photographs were taken for each section, and the number of positive cells was counted and normalized to per 0.8 mmof intestinal mucosa. Data represent mean ± SEM. *< 0.05, **< 0.01, significantly different from the R11567DA (-) group.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Importance of the interferon-α system in murine large intestine indicated by microarray analysis of commensal bacteria-induced immunological changes"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/9/192</p><p>BMC Genomics 2008;9():192-192.</p><p>Published online 26 Apr 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2408602.</p><p></p