Analysis of Hypersonic Vehicle Wakes

As advancements are made with ballistic missiles, particularly in the area of hypersonic bodies, there is a growing need to advance the methods of detecting these new ballistic weapons. As a result, the National Air and Space Intelligence Center has asked the Air Force Institute of Technology to examine the wake region behind hypersonic bodies. A thorough understanding of the aerothermal phenomena and the chemical reactions occurring in the wake region will enable an advancement of tracking hypersonic bodies. This research examined the wake region behind a hypersonic body using computational fluid dynamics. This study used Pointwise® to develop a three-dimensional grid of the flowfield around a conic hypersonic body and extending into the wake region. The Langley Aerothermodynamic Upwind Relaxation Algorithm was used to solve the flowfield, including the wake, and all surface properties. The results from the simulation were used to characterize the wake region behind the hypersonic body and compare that to the flowfield surrounding the body.Although no flight test data was available and no published results could be found in this area of interest, the results had good agreement with expected results. Along with that, several interesting phenomena were discovered dealing with the aerothermal environment and chemical species present in the wake that could lead to advancements in the efforts of tracking hypersonic bodies

Complete Genome Sequence of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius Type Strain LMG 22219

We report the first complete genome sequence of LMG 22219 (=ON 86T = CCUG 49543T), the Staphylococcus pseudintermedius type strain isolated from feline lung tissue. This sequence information will facilitate phylogenetic comparisons of staphylococcal species and other bacteria at the genome level

Complete Genome Sequences of Three Staphylococcus pseudintermedius Strains Isolated from Botswana

We report here the first whole-genome sequences for 3 strains of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (112N, 113N, and 114N) isolated in Africa. Samples of this opportunistic pathogen were collected from nasal swabs obtained from healthy carrier dogs in Botswana. The sequence information will facilitate spatial phylogenetic comparisons of staphylococcal species and other bacteria at the genome level

Complete Genome Sequences of Three Important Methicillin-Resistant Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius.

We report the first complete genome sequences of three predominant clones (ST68, ST71, and ST84) of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in North America. All strains were isolated from canine infections and have different SCCmec elements and antibiotic resistance gene patterns

Loss of the interleukin-6 receptor causes immunodeficiency, atopy, and abnormal inflammatory responses

Abstract: IL-6 excess is central to the pathogenesis of multiple inflammatory conditions and this is targeted in clinical practice by immunotherapy that blocks the IL-6 receptor encoded by IL6R. We describe two patients with homozygous mutations in IL6R who presented with recurrent infections, abnormal acute phase responses, elevated IgE, eczema, and eosinophilia. This study identifies a novel primary immunodeficiency, clarifying the contribution of IL-6 to the phenotype of patients with mutations in IL6ST, STAT3 and ZNF341, genes encoding different components of the IL-6 signalling pathway, and alerts us to the potential toxicity of drugs targeting the IL-6R.J.E.D.T. is supported by the MRC (RG95376 and MR/L006197/1). KB is supported by the European Research Council (ERC StG 310857) and the Austrian Science Fund (P29951-B30). This work is supported, in part, by the intramural research program of the NIAID, NIH. A.J.T. is supported by the Wellcome Trust (104807/Z/14/Z) and the NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust and University College London. KGCS is supported by the Medical Research Council (program grant MR/L019027) and is a Wellcome Investigator. M.G. and S.T. are supported in part by Cancer Research UK. RCA and MT are supported by a DOC fellowship of the Austrian Academy of Sciences. This research was made possible through access to the data and findings generated by two pilot studies for the 100,000 Genomes Project. The enrolment for one pilot study was coordinated by the NIHR BioResource (preprint from doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/507244) and the other by Genomics England Limited (GEL), a wholly owned company of the Department of Health in the UK. Over 90% of participants in the pilot studies have been enrolled in the NIHR BioResource. These pilot studies were mainly funded by grants from the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) in England to the University of Cambridge and GEL, respectively. Additional funding was provided by the BHF, MRC, NHS England, the Wellcome Trust, amongst many other funders. The pilot studies use data provided by patients and their close relatives and collected by the NHS and other healthcare providers as part of their care and support. We thank all volunteers for their participation, and also gratefully acknowledge NIHR Biomedical Research Centres, NIHR BioResource Centres, NHS Trust Hospitals, NHS Blood and Transplant and staff for their contribution. ST is on the scientific advisory board for Ipsen, and is a consultant for Kallyope Inc. The authors declare no competing financial interests

Omecamtiv mecarbil in chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, GALACTIC‐HF: baseline characteristics and comparison with contemporary clinical trials

Aims: The safety and efficacy of the novel selective cardiac myosin activator, omecamtiv mecarbil, in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is tested in the Global Approach to Lowering Adverse Cardiac outcomes Through Improving Contractility in Heart Failure (GALACTIC‐HF) trial. Here we describe the baseline characteristics of participants in GALACTIC‐HF and how these compare with other contemporary trials. Methods and Results: Adults with established HFrEF, New York Heart Association functional class (NYHA) ≥ II, EF ≤35%, elevated natriuretic peptides and either current hospitalization for HF or history of hospitalization/ emergency department visit for HF within a year were randomized to either placebo or omecamtiv mecarbil (pharmacokinetic‐guided dosing: 25, 37.5 or 50 mg bid). 8256 patients [male (79%), non‐white (22%), mean age 65 years] were enrolled with a mean EF 27%, ischemic etiology in 54%, NYHA II 53% and III/IV 47%, and median NT‐proBNP 1971 pg/mL. HF therapies at baseline were among the most effectively employed in contemporary HF trials. GALACTIC‐HF randomized patients representative of recent HF registries and trials with substantial numbers of patients also having characteristics understudied in previous trials including more from North America (n = 1386), enrolled as inpatients (n = 2084), systolic blood pressure < 100 mmHg (n = 1127), estimated glomerular filtration rate < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 (n = 528), and treated with sacubitril‐valsartan at baseline (n = 1594). Conclusions: GALACTIC‐HF enrolled a well‐treated, high‐risk population from both inpatient and outpatient settings, which will provide a definitive evaluation of the efficacy and safety of this novel therapy, as well as informing its potential future implementation

Genome Sequence of \u3ci\u3eStaphylococcus pseudintermedius\u3c/i\u3e Strain E140, an ST71 European-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Isolate

We report the first genome sequence of the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) strain E140, isolated from a canine bite wound infection in Denmark. This strain represents the dominant clonal lineage associated with canine MRSP infections in Europe

Complete Genome Sequences of Three Important Methicillin-Resistant Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius

We report the first complete genome sequences of three predominant clones (ST68, ST71, and ST84) of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in North America. All strains were isolated from canine infections and have different SCCmec elements and antibiotic resistance gene patterns

Genome sequence of <em>Staphylococcus pseudintermedius</em> strain E140, an ST71 European-associated methicillin-resistant isolate.

We report the first genome sequence of the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) strain E140, isolated from a canine bite wound infection in Denmark. This strain represents the dominant clonal lineage associated with canine MRSP infections in Europe

New Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin B Resistance Gene erm(48) on the Novel Plasmid pJW2311 in Staphylococcus xylosus.

Whole-genome sequencing of Staphylococcus xylosus strain JW2311 from bovine mastitis milk identified the novel 49.3-kb macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLSB) resistance plasmid pJW2311. It contained the macrolide resistance gene mph(C), the macrolide-streptogramin B resistance gene msr(A), and the new MLSB resistance gene erm(48) and could be transformed into Staphylococcus aureus by electroporation. Functionality of erm(48) was demonstrated by cloning and expression in S. aureus