Knowledge regarding prevention of infective endocarditis among dentists in Bushehr Province-1390

Background: Infective endocarditis (IE) is known as a life-threatening disease, with bacteremia inducing dental procedures considered to be one of the major factors. Thus, prevention of IE onset with antibiotics is widely recommended. AHA 2007 Guidelines for prevention and treatment are well known. The aim this study was assessment of knowledge regarding prevention of infective endocarditis among dentist in Bushehr Province. Material and Methods: In a cross sectional study, data was collected by using Self-administered Questionnaires which obtain according AHA 2007 guideline were distributed to dentists who occupied governmental or private clinic in Bushehr Province. Data was analyzed by Independent t test, Chi-Square by using SPSS software at level of significancy, 0.05. Results: From 72 questionnaires were distributed between all dentists who worked in Bushehr Province, 59 questionnaires were completed. (Response rate: 81.9%). Approximately 48% reported encountering fewer than several patients at risk for IE per year and only 60.4% of the respondents were aware of the guidelines for its prevention. Frequency of correct answer toward cardiac conditions which needed antibiotic prophylaxis weren’t higher than 43%. In all, kind, route, dosage and time of antibiotics administration were according to AHA 2007 guidelines. Generally, the level of knowledge of dentists toward antibiotic prophylaxis to prevention infective endocarditis was poor and the frequency of correct answer toward cardiac conditions that need antibiotic prophylaxis is less than 43%. Conclusion: These findings suggest that promotion of knowledge of dentists for prevention of IE is important, although the frequency of cases encountered by dentists is extremely low

The management of hospital waste products in hospitals of Bushehr Province

Background: Hospital waste contains a large quantity of dangerous pathogenic agents, which are hazardous to the health of man, animal, plant and the environment. In Iran, like many other developing countries, not enough attention is paid to this matter and available information regarding the generation and disposal of medical wastes are low. The existing information about production and disposal of wastes in our hospitals is little and incomplete. In this study, a survey on hospital waste management system in Bushehr province hospitals was conducted. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 8 hospitals in Bushehr province were investigated during a period of 6 months using a questionnaire, interviews and direct observations. The questionnaire had 93 questions (open and closed) about general information on the hospitals and about various systems of managing hospital waste according to the World Health Organization suggested survey questionnaire for hospital waste management in developing countries. Results: In hospitals of bushehr province, waste generation rate was 2615 kg/day, including domestic waste (51.7%), infectious waste (20.8%), sharps (15.2%) and chemical and drugs wastes (12.3%). In almost all hospitals, segregation of infectious waste from domestic waste at the place of origin and putting them in special containers had been done but this segregation wasn’t complete and sometimes some hazardous waste were disposed of in domestic waste containers. All hospitals used a color coding system for waste containers, 75 % of hospitals had incinerators. In others, waste was carried out by municipal service daily. In all hospitals, all workers were trained about hospital waste management. In none of the surveyed hospitals, there was an obvious policy and plan for purchasing equipment and necessary facilities in order to dispose hospital waste correctly and also no clear budget was allocated for hospital waste management. In none of these hospitals regular reports on hospital waste management were prepared. Conclusion: Hospital waste in Bushehr province hospitals are depositing in a nonstandard fashion and against the relevant recommendations. Compiling necessary rules and establishing the proper standards should be considered as an urgent policy in Bushehr province health service

A survey on the Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of dentists in Bushehr Province about HIV/AIDS

Background: Dentists are at high risk of blood borne infections since they are often exposed to blood and other body fluids. This study evaluated knowledge, attitudes and behaviour of dentists in Bushehr Province about HIV/AIDS. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, in the year 2007, all dentists who worked in Bushehr Province were evaluated by a self- administered questionnaire. The questionnaire had 20 items about contact and treatment and 7 items about the practices for reducing infection rates after contact with HIV/AIDS subjects in dentistry. Results: From a total of 101 dentists who were working in Bushehr port, 77 dentists (76.2%) participated in this study. The mean age was 33.52 (± 6.15) and the mean duration of working activity was 7.41 (± 5.24) years. The overall knowledge about HIV infection, transmission ways and attitude towards infection control were low and had no correlation with demographic data. Most dentists believed that they had professional (62.1%) and moral duty (96.1%) to treat HIV positive patients. While gloves and face masks were worn routinely by the majority of the dentists (83.3%, and 89.7%, respectively), but were not always changed between patients (75.5% and 50.0%, respectively, p<0.002). Hand washing was performed by 59.0% of dentists before treatment and by 66.2% after treatment. The practice of recapping needles was common, 94.9% and only 39.5% of them bended the needles after using. Conclusion: Educational programs are needed to improve dentists' skill and knowledge about HIV characteristics, routes of transmission, proper practice of infection control and Universal Precautions for preventing infections

An Observational Study to Evaluate the Medication Errors by Nursing Staff Working in Bushehr Medical Centers during one Year Interval (1385-1386)

Background: Medication errors refer to inappropriate use of drugs, can lead to harmful and serious consequent. Many factors contribute to incidence of these errors. To investigate this factors a descriptive analytic study was done that assess clinical staff medication errors in Bushehr medical centers. Methods: The participants were 400 clinical staff, including nurses, midwives and nurse assistances to complete designed medication errors questionnaire. This questionnaire include 2 parts, part one was demographic data and part two, assess influencing factors of medication errors in six domain. Results: Results showed that the half of participants (49.9%) had medication errors in acquaintance and the most error in dosage (37.7%) and then type of drugs(27.7%). 73.3% of participants reported their errors and in unreported cases the most cause was fear of managers. According to participants attitude factors that interfering to medication errors were physicians factor, including illegible order in patient file (24.94%), nurses factors including, incorrect documentation (24.38%), interpersonal relationship (19.45%), inappropriate environment (15.3%), knowledge deficit and lack of experience (11.23%) and stressful events (4.66%). No statistical significant correlation between situation of job and shift work. Conclusion: Results show that medication errors are common and human factors are the most factors in these errors

A review of sheep pox and goat pox: perspective of their control and eradication in Iran

Sheep pox and goat pox (SGP) of small ruminants are most severing pox diseases of domestic animals, and they have a very important role in agricultural economy. Thereby, SGP are included in the notifiable diseases of Office International des Epizooties (OIE). Time and place distributions of these diseases are relatively stable worldwide. Transportation of infected animals could spread these viruses to the new areas. In most countries in which capripox are enzootic, vaccination and bio-security are the only two main control measures. SGP control programs have been commenced about 50 years ago in Iran, and there is a good situation for eradication of it. In this review, readers can find latest information in some essential aspects of etiology, distribution, transmission, and control of the diseases. Besides, current situation of the disease in Iran has been described, which perhaps are similar to the other endemic areas in the world

Determining nurses\' clinical competence in hospitals of Bushehr University of Medical Sciences by self assessment method

Background: Nurses’ self awareness of their own level of clinical competence is essential in maintaining high standards of care and identifying areas of educational need and professional development. Self-assessment is a method for measuring clinical competence, and encourages nurses to use reflective thinking and take an active part in the learning process. Although nurse competence may vary between hospitals, very few studies have been done on this subject. Methods: In this cross sectional study, we analyzed clinical competency of 190 registered nurses working in different hospitals in Bushehr by self assessment method. The instrument for data collection was a valid and reliable questionnaire consisting of 73 items from seven categories which were devised from Benner's “from Novice to Expert” framework. The level of competence was assessed on a scale of 0-100 and the frequency of using the competencies was assessed on a Likert scale. Results: the nurses reported their overall level of competence as “good” (51-75). They felt more competent in the categories of “managing situations” and “helping role” (with maximum score of 79.54) and least competent in “teaching – coaching” and “ensuring quality” categories (with minimum score of 61.15). The frequency of practicing competencies had a positive correlation with the level of nursing clinical competence. Conclusion: The level of nursing competence and frequency of using competencies varied in different hospitals. Although the nurses reported their overall level of competence as good, we should be concerned about 24% of competencies which are not used by the nurses, especially in "teaching – coaching" and "ensuring quality" categories

A Study on historical-cultural architectural fabric of Bushehr Port an Urban, cultural and sanitary approach

Background: Nowadays ancient cultural historic sites are considered as a local cultural asset. The cultural historic fabric of Bushehr port is one of the most unique historical urban sites which is confronting destruction because of speedy urban development. Therefore, the viewpoints of the historic fabric inhabitants were investigated to map its pathological pattern through a multidisciplinary approach. Methods: In a descriptive cross-sectional study, the viewpoints of the inhabitants in the historic cultural fabric of Bushehr port was assessed, through a questionnaire, using random cluster multistage sampling method. The questionnaire was based on four dimensions including: social, sanitary, urban and cultural heritage. Results: A total of 218 residential units of the historic cultural fabric of Bushehr port were surveyed. A portion of one fifth of the inhabitants were familiar with cultural heritage item, yet more than 60% of them agreed upon a renovation of the historic fabric of Bushehr. Meanwhile, more than 80% of the residents received no facility to renew their houses. Drug abuses were mentioned as the most important factor regarding insecurity (52.8%). The most important prospect of people from the municipality of the historic fabric of Bushehr port was renewal and renovation of the residential units (36.7%) and 24.9% asked for renovation of pathways and alleys. Providing a sewage collecting network and regular daily gathering of garbage were reported as the most important sanitary need by the inhabitants. Conclusion: The inhabitants of historic cultural fabric of Bushehr port are interested in preserving their residential units as a cultural heritage, but sanitary and urban problems such as sewage and garbage collection system and the lack of patronage from the side of responsible organizations for renovating this Iranian historic fabric architecture are the deep problematic points

Analysis of Livestock Mobility and Implications for the Risk of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Spread in Iran

International audienceFoot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is endemic in Iran and associated with a large impact on the livestock industry. Livestock mobility is recognized as one of the most important risk factors for FMD and other infectious livestock diseases’ introduction and dissemination. The description of temporal and spatial aspects of livestock mobility networks in Iran provides insights into FMD epidemiology. It also assists in the formulation of recommendations to mitigate the risk of animal disease transmission through livestock movements. This study is the first spatiotemporal description of official/registered cattle, sheep, goat, and camel movements in Iran, using records related to the period from March 2020 to August 2021 extracted from the Iran Veterinary Organization (IVO) Quarantine system. It shows that the static networks drawn by the movements of small ruminants, cattle, and camels to farms or slaughterhouses are complex and highlights the predominance of a few provinces and towns. In particular, the results show that Razavi Khorasan and West Azerbaijan provinces, major provinces for the Iranian livestock sector, are provinces where significant volumes of small ruminants and cattle are moved (from, to, or within) and, therefore, should be prioritized for targeted and timely risk reduction interventions. This study produces some of the necessary inputs for the risk assessment of FMD and similar transboundary animal diseases (TADs) spread within Iran, which is needed to regularly update the national risk-based control strategy for FMD and other TADs