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Not Availableपूरे परिवार को साल भर ताजी सब्जी, फल-फूल आदि के उद्देश्य की पूर्ति के लिए घर के आस-पास चारों और खाली पड़ी भूमि पर फल, सब्जी-फूल उगाने को गृह वाटिका या परिवार आधारित रसोई उद्यान कहते हैं। इस गृह वाटिका का मुख्य उद्देश्य आर्थिक लाभ न होकर परिवार के पोषण स्तर को बढ़ाना तथा घर में ही ताजे फल-सब्जी का उत्पादन करना होता है। फल एवं सब्जियों का चयन परिवार के सदस्यों की इच्छा अनुसार किया जाता है। घर के आस-पास छोटी-छोटी क्यारियाँ तथा थाले बना लिए जाते हैं और फसल चक्र अपनाया जाता है तदानुसार फल-फूल एवं सब्जी का उत्पादन किया जाता है।Not Availabl

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Not Availableविकासशील देशो मे जनसंख्या की आय का मुख्य स्रोत कृषि है एवम हमारे देश में कृषि का अर्थव्यवस्था में बहुत महत्वपूर्ण योगदान है। आज भी गाँवों की खुशहाली कृषि उत्पादन पर निर्भर करती है। इसी वजह से सरकार भी कृषि में सुधार के लिए नई-नई तकनीकों के उपयोग को बढ़ावा दे रही है। जिससे कृषि के उत्पादन को बढ़ाकर किसानों की हालत में सुधार हो सके और उनके रहन-सहन में भी जरूरी बदलाव लाया जा सके। इसी दिशा में सरकार भी किसानों को उन्नत खेती की जानकारी देने उपकरण व सेवाएं उपलब्ध कराने के लिए निरंतर प्रयास कर रही है एवं टेलीफोन, कम्प्यूटर रेडियो, दूरदर्शन आदि की मदद से किसानों तक आवश्यक जानकारी जल्दी पहुँचाने का प्रयत्न कर रही है।Not Availabl

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Poređenje matematičkih modela i kinetike sušenja bukovače (pleurotus spp) u tankom fluidizovanom sloju sa ubrzanom temperaturom i brzinom vazduha

Effect of drying air temperature and velocity on thin-layer drying characteristics of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus spp.) was investigated using a fluidized bed dryer. Mushrooms were dried at three air temperatures 45, 55 and 65ºC coupled with the air velocity of 2, 3.5 and 5 m•s‒1. Dehydration of mushrooms occurred in falling rate period and temperature has significant (P=0.04) effect on drying. From the regression model, best quality of dried oyster mushroom was obtained at 65°C temperature and 5 ms‒1 air velocity and it was validated with sensory characteristics in terms of colour, crispy texture, flavour and comparatively less shrinkage. To determine the drying kinetics, experimental moisture ratio data were fitted to seven thin-layer drying models. Among the models studied, Page model was found to be the best fitted model to describe the drying behavior of oyster mushroom. At any given air velocity, with the increase in drying air temperature led to an increase in effective moisture diffusivity ranged from 7.78×10‒10 to 2.11×10‒9m2•s‒1. Drying at 5 m•s‒1 air velocity required minimum activation energy of 22.15 kJ•mol‒1 to remove water during the drying process by diffusion. Rehydration ratios (RR) values (1.95-2.75) increased with increase in drying air temperature and velocity. The results obtained could be for making appropriate design and operations of industrial drying system for further processing of mushrooms to value added products.Ispitivan je uticaj temperature i brzine vazduha na karakteristike sušenja tankog fluidizovanog sloja bukovače (Pleurotus spp.). Pečurke su sušene na tri temperature vazduha 45, 55 i 65ºC, kombinovane sa brzinama vazduha od 2, 3.5 i 5 ms‒1. Trajanje dehidracije pečurki se smanjivalo i temperatura je imala značajan (P=0.04) uticaj na sušenje. U regresionom modelu, najbolji kvalitet sušene bukovače postignut je pri temperaturi od 65°C i brzini vazduha od 5 ms‒1, a ocenjen je prema senzornim karakteristikama: boja, hrskava tekstura, ukus i komparativno manje kalo. Za određivanje kinetike sušenja, eksperimentalne vrednosti vlažnosti su poređene sa sedam modela sušenja tankog sloja. Među analiziranim modelima, Page model je najbolje opisivao tok sušenja bukovače. Pri svakoj brzini vazduha, povećanje temperature dovelo je do povećanja efektivne difuzivnosti vlage u interval od 7.78×10‒10 do 2.11×10‒9 m2s‒1. Sušenje strujom vazduha brzine 5 ms‒1 zahtevalo je minimalnu energiju aktivacije od 22.15 KJ mol‒1 za odstranjivanje vode difuzijom tokom sušenja. Odnosi rehidracije (RR) (1.95-2.75) povećali su se sa povećanjem temperature i brzine vazduha. Dobijeni rezultati se mogu koristiti za pravljenje odgovarajućih konstrukcija i operacija industrijskih sistema sušenja gljiva radi dalje prerade i dobijanja prozvoda veće vrednosti

Economic Impact of Wheat Sowing Through Zero Tillage Technique against Broadcasting under Hot Sub-humid (Moist) Eco-Region Uttar Pradesh, India

Aims: The production of cost of wheat is higher in farmers practice than the zero tillage sown of wheat due to non-adoption of recommended resource conservation technology, high-yielding varieties and advanced technologies by the farming community in the eastern plains of Uttar Pradesh. To replace this anomalous, we conducted 204 front-line demonstrations (FLDs) at farmers' fields in various adopted villages by Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Deoria. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out by the Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Malhana, Deoria, under the Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, UP. Methodology: Prior findings were examined to identify any gaps and to enlist everyone's assistance in disseminating such a technology of global relevance. In the eight years from 2011–12 to 2018–19, a total of 204 FLDs were carried out at the 230 farmer’s fields in the 32 villages where wheat was sown by zero tillage. Result: Rice-wheat cropping systems are the most often used agricultural method in Uttar Pradesh, India's hot, sub-humid (wet) eco-region. It provides farmers and agricultural labourers with a source of subsistence and revenue and is a crucial aspect of the region's infrastructure for food safety. In order to attain sustainable yield, it is always thought necessary to employ other alternatives of conserving essential inputs by adopting resources conservative techniques (RCT), such as zero tillage and broad bed furrow (BBF). According to the economic analysis of the data presented in the current study, zero tillage wheat farming is the most cost-effective and appealing alternative for the agricultural community of eastern Uttar Pradesh. When compared to the broadcasting method, the zero tillage technique yielded a higher return and a lower cost of cultivation per acre. Finally, the use of this strategy raises farmers' net returns, improves their social standing, living conditions, livelihood, and ultimately reduces poverty in the farming community. Conclusions: The new approach lowers production costs while producing equivalent wheat yields to other methods, which leads to higher net returns. Farmers in the area have begun to appreciate the technology's reduced tillage costs. Rice-wheat is the prevalent farming system practiced by the majority of farmers in the region. In the future, the prospect of extending the method to sow wheat after other crops should be investigated

Impact Assessment of Pigeonpea + Maize Intercropping in the Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India

Aims: The net return of pigeonpea cultivated is lower due to failure to implement recommended intercropping and modern technology in the farming community in eastern Uttar Pradesh. To compensate for this anomaly, ICAR-IIVR-KVK, Deoria performed On-Farm-Trials (OFTs) for the evaluation of pigeonpea + maize intercropping in farmers' fields in various adopted villages in the Deoria District of Eastern Uttar Pradesh. Place and Duration of Study: The two year assessment and refinement study was carried out by the Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Malhana, Deoria, working under the ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, UP, during 2015–16 to 2016-17. Methodology: In the present study of sole pigeonpea crop and intercropping of pigeonpea + maize was evaluated through on-farm trials (OFTs) among selected farmers’ field during Kharif season 2015-16 to 2016-17 in the eastern region of Uttar Pradesh, India,. Technology options for assessment of sole pigeonpea crop (T1) and pigeonpea + maize (T2) with improved packages and practices developed by IIPR, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, were tested at five selected farmer’s field. Results: Maximum average gross return (Rs 103460 ha-1), net return (Rs 71730 ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (3.2:1) were recorded under intercropping of pigeonpea + maize, which was 41.50 percent, 43.40 and 5.96 percent more than the sown of sole crop of pigeonpea (T1) for gross return, net return and benefit cost ratio respectively, during the period of the on-farm trial. Conclusion: The higher value of the equivalent yield, the more feasible technology for the farming community of Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India

Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Soil Health and Nutrient Balance Sheet of Soybean under Vertisols of Rajasthan

  Background: A field experiment was conducted during kharif, 2019 at ARS farm, College of Agriculture, Ummedganj, Kota (Rajasthan). Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Soil Health and Nutrient Balance Sheet of soybean Under Vertisols of Rajasthan. The soil of the experimental field is clay loam having low to medium fertility status and good porosity. Method: The experiment consisted of 10 treatments viz. T0 - Control (Absolute), T1 - RDF (20-40-40), T2 - 75% RDF + FYM (2.0 t ha-1), T3 - 50% RDF + FYM (4.0 t ha-1), T4 - 75% RDF + FYM (2.0 t ha-1) + Rhizobium, T5 - 50% RDF + FYM (4.0 t ha-1) + Rhizobium, T6 - 75% RDF + Vermicompost (1.0 t ha-1), T7 - 50% RDF + Vermicompost (2.0 t ha-1), T8 - 75% RDF + Vermicompost (1.0 t ha-1) + Rhizobium, T9 - 50% RDF + Vermicompost (2.0 t ha-1) + Rhizobium. The experiment was laid out in randomised block design and was replicated thrice. Result: Among the nutrient management treatment, application of 50% RDF + Vermicompost (2.0 t ha-1) + Rhizobium (T9) significantly built up of the soil available nitrogen (258 kg ha-1), available phosphorus (21.67 kg ha-1) and available potassium (445.35 kg ha-1), micronutrient and organic carbon (0.59) was recorded.      &nbsp

The Adaptation and Tolerance of Major Cereals and Legumes to Important Abiotic Stresses

Abiotic stresses, including drought, extreme temperatures, salinity, and waterlogging, are the major constraints in crop production. These abiotic stresses are likely to be amplified by climate change with varying temporal and spatial dimensions across the globe. The knowledge about the effects of abiotic stressors on major cereal and legume crops is essential for effective management in unfavorable agro-ecologies. These crops are critical components of cropping systems and the daily diets of millions across the globe. Major cereals like rice, wheat, and maize are highly vulnerable to abiotic stresses, while many grain legumes are grown in abiotic stress-prone areas. Despite extensive investigations, abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants is not fully understood. Current insights into the abiotic stress responses of plants have shown the potential to improve crop tolerance to abiotic stresses. Studies aimed at stress tolerance mechanisms have resulted in the elucidation of traits associated with tolerance in plants, in addition to the molecular control of stress-responsive genes. Some of these studies have paved the way for new opportunities to address the molecular basis of stress responses in plants and identify novel traits and associated genes for the genetic improvement of crop plants. The present review examines the responses of crops under abiotic stresses in terms of changes in morphology, physiology, and biochemistry, focusing on major cereals and legume crops. It also explores emerging opportunities to accelerate our efforts to identify desired traits and genes associated with stress tolerance

ICAR-NIASM Annual Report 2016-17 (Hindi Ver.)

Not AvailableA major effort during the year was made on the development of infrastructure facilities aswell as research facilities. The construction of School Buildings, Hostel and Residential complex at MIDC, Baramati are progressing satisfactorily. Livestock experimentation facility has been developed in south-side farm whereas a Hi-tech Greenhouse construction in progress has provision for controlled climate. A large number of sophisticated research equipment was also procured.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableSalinity stress is an important plant growth limiting factor influencing crop productivity negatively. Microbial interventions for salinity stress mitigation have invited significant attention due to the promising impacts of interactive associations on the intrinsic mechanisms of plants. We report the impact of microbial inoculation of a halotolerant methylotrophic actinobacterium (Nocardioides sp. NIMMe6; LC140963) and seed coating of its phytohormone - rich bacterial culture filtrate extract (BCFE) on wheat seedlings grown under saline conditions. Different plant - growth - promoting (PGP) attributes of the bacterium in terms of its growth in N - limiting media and siderophore and phytohormone [indole - 3 - acetic acid (IAA) and salicylic acid] production influenced plant growth positively. Microbial inoculation and priming with BCFE resulted in improved germination (92% in primed seeds at 10 dS m–1), growth, and biochemical accumulation (total protein 42.01 and 28.75 mg g–1 in shoot and root tissues at 10 dS m–1 in BCFE - primed seeds) and enhanced the activity level of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase) to confer stress mitigation. Biopriming with BCFE proved impactful. The BCFE application has further influenced the overexpression of defense - related genes in the seedlings grown under salinity stress condition. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry - based characterization of the biomolecules in the BCFE revealed quantification of salicylate and indole - 3 - acetate (Rt 4.978 min, m/z 138.1 and 6.177 min, 129.1), respectively. The high tolerance limit of the bacterium to 10% NaCl in the culture media suggested its possible survival and growth under high soil salinity condition as microbial inoculant. The production of a high quantity of IAA (45.6 μg ml–1 of culture filtrate) by the bacterium reflected its capability to not only support plant growth under salinity condition but also mitigate stress due to the impact of phytohormone as defense mitigators. The study suggested that although microbial inoculation offers stress mitigation in plants, the phytohormone - rich BCFE from Nocardioides sp. NIMMe6 has potential implications for defense against salinity stress in wheat.ICA