Level of Moral Distress in Operating Room Technologist Students in Iran: A Cross‑Sectional Study

AbstractIntroduction: Moral distress is one of the issues considered in the educational environment. That it can affect the physical, psychological, and social dimensions of individuals and access to ethical and educational goals. This study aimed to investigate the moral distress in operating room technologist students of Iran University of Medical Sciences.Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on Iran University of Medical Sciences' operating room technologist students in 2017. Data were collected with two questionnaires, including demographic information and a moral distress questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS software using an independent t-test and one-way ANOVA (P < 0.05).Results: In this study, 121 operating room technologist students participated. The mean score of moral distress in the scores' severity and frequency dimensions was (3.5 ± 1.76) and (3.11 ± 1.6), respectively. The results showed that only age and semester had a significant relationship with the total score of moral distress, and with increasing age and semester, students’ moral pain has decreased.Conclusions: This study's results indicated that the moral distress in operating room technologist students was moderate, which requires investigating the factors involved in creating moral distress and providing strategies and measures to reduce its adverse effects in the educational setting

Relationship between Social Support and Mental Health of Novice Nurses during Coronavirus Epidemic

Abstract Background: Coronavirus has created a confusing and stressful situation around the world. In these circumstances, health care workers are most prone to vulnerability. The goal of this study was to investigate the relationship between social support and mental health of novice nurses during the outbreak of COVID-19 to provide basic information for intervention measures. Study design: cross-sectional study Methods: This study was performed in spring of 2020 in hospital affiliated with Ilam University of Medical Sciences. Data were collected using general information questionnaire, General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and Phillip’s Social Support Questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS software, as well as descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The total score of GHQ and social support was 24.58±12.063 and 70.77±9.761, respectively. There was a statistically significant inverse relationship between social support and mental health of participants. Among the demographic variables, there was a significant correlation between work experience, hospital, direct contact with COVID-19 patients and the number of working days in coronavirus ward with mental health and social support. Conclusion: The findings of the present study add to our knowledge obtained from previous studies by discovering the impact of social support on mental health of health care providers with special attention to novice nurses at the forefront. Ongoing monitoring of psychological consequences associated with COVID-19 outbreak and social support of them require further attention

Awareness Level of Operating Room Nurses of Their Professional Tasks

Introduction: The awareness of the duties and responsibilities of operating rooms nurses is considered as a basis for systems monitoring and quality evaluation. Operating room nurses are supposed to be aware of their professional standards and achieve their functions following professional standards. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out based on the census and sampling with 143 operating room nurses working in nine training hospitals of Iran University of Medical Sciences. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire, and the reliability was assessed through Cronbach's alpha. Also, both face and content validity of the questionnaire have been checked by faculty members. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 19 with descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results: In terms of preoperative responsibilities, 25.7%, 35.9%, and 38.3% of operating room nurses experienced the awareness levels of high, moderate, and weak, respectively. The awareness levels for 20.4%, 34.7%, and 44.9% of operating room nurses were evaluated as high, moderate, and weak, respectively. They were considering the post-operative responsibilities of operating room nurses, 32.3%, 32.3%, and 35.3% of operating room nurses who experienced the awareness levels of high, moderate, and weak, respectively. Conclusions: The results indicated that a vast majority of operating room nurses experienced a high level of awareness with respect to their responsibilities before, during, and after the operation. Nurses’ awareness of their mission, and management and official plans for promoting deficiencies in this regard could help promote health. Contextualized education on improving the quality of nursing services should be considered as a part of the training for OR nurses and suggested to investigate the awareness level of nurses and other treatment staff about the standards of their responsibilities in diverse sectors to perform suitable planning of tasks

Prevalence and Correlates of Psychiatric Disorders in a National Survey of Iranian Children and Adolescents

Objective: Considering the impact of rapid sociocultural, political, and economical changes on societies and families, population-based surveys of mental disorders in different communities are needed to describe the magnitude of mental health problems and their disabling effects at the individual, familial, and societal levels. Method: A population-based cross sectional survey (IRCAP project) of 30 532 children and adolescents between 6 and 18 years was conducted in all provinces of Iran using a multistage cluster sampling method. Data were collected by 250 clinical psychologists trained to use the validated Persian version of the semi-structured diagnostic interview Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-PL (K-SADS-PL). Results: In this national epidemiological survey, 6209 out of 30 532 (22.31%) were diagnosed with at least one psychiatric disorder. The anxiety disorders (14.13%) and behavioral disorders (8.3%) had the highest prevalence, while eating disorders (0.13%) and psychotic symptoms (0.26%) had the lowest. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders was significantly lower in girls (OR = 0.85; 95% CI: 0.80-0.90), in those living in the rural area (OR = 0.80; 95% CI: 0.73-0.87), in those aged 15-18 years (OR = 0.92; 95% CI: 0.86-0.99), as well as that was significantly higher in those who had a parent suffering from mental disorders (OR = 1.96; 95% CI: 1.63-2.36 for mother and OR = 1.33; 95% CI: 1.07-1.66 for father) or physical illness (OR = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.17-1.35 for mother and OR = 1.19; 95% CI: 1.10-1.28 for father). Conclusion: About one fifth of Iranian children and adolescents suffer from at least one psychiatric disorder. Therefore, we should give a greater priority to promoting mental health and public health, provide more accessible services and trainings, and reduce barriers to accessing existing services

The effect of aromatherapy with Rosa damascena essence on postoperative pain in inguinal hernia repair: A randomized clinical trial

Background: Despite therapeutic interventions, patients are still dissatisfied with the treatment of postoperative pain. Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of Rosa damascena essential oil on postoperative pain in patients undergoing inguinal hernia repair surgery. Methods: In a double-blind, randomized trial, 60 patients undergoing inguinal hernia repair surgery were selected consecutively and equally assigned to two groups of experimental and placebo. In both groups, the pain intensity was measured by a visual analog scale in 4, 8, and 12 h after the surgery. Patients in the experimental group received aromatherapy with R. damascena essential oil and those in the placebo group treated with almond oil. In both groups, pain intensity was measured before and 20 min after aromatherapy. Data analysis was performed using the repeated-measures analysis, analysis of covariance, independent-samples t- test, Chi-square, and Fisher's exact tests. Results: The mean pain intensity in the experimental and the placebo groups was 7.10 ± 1.24 versus 7.20 ± 1.10, 4.56± 1.04 versus 4.90 ± 0.84, and 1.30 ± 0.79 versus 2.46 ± 0.68 after the 4th, 8th, and 12th postsurgical hours, respectively. The repeated-measures analysis showed that the intervention was effective on pain reduction, especially in the 8th and 12th postoperative hours when the pain was at moderate-to-mild levels (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Aromatherapy with R. damascena essential oil was effective in relieving mild to moderated postoperative pain. Yet, further studies are needed to confirm this finding

The Impact of a Training Program Based on Learning Needs on Self-Care Behaviors among Patients with Heart Failure

Abstract Background: Heart failure necessitates self-care; therefore, self-care training should be based on learning needs (LNs) of patients. Aim: This study aimed to determine the impact of a training program based on learning needs on self-care behaviors among patients with heart failure Method: This clinical trial was performed on 73 patients suffering from heart failure in Zanjan teaching hospitals in 2015. The subjects were randomly divided into three groups (based on having LNs assessment and family involvement). The intervention group received education based on LNs and family involvement.   Control group 1 (without LNs assessment with family involvement), and control group 2 (without LNs assessment, and family involvement). The groups received three sessions of face-to-face training (lasting 15-20 minutes) on medical symptoms, necessary measures for the disease, diet, and medication regimen. Self-care behaviors before and 90 days after the intervention were evaluated using a self-care of heart failure index. To analyze the data, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni post-hoc test were used in SPSS, version 11. Results: The mean age of the participants was 65.5±14.1 years. According to the results of ANOVA, the total self-care score before the intervention was not significantly different among the three study groups (

Relationship Between Performance Evaluation and Therapists\' Job Motivation of Rehabilitation Centers and Public Hospitals of Tehran Based on Herzbergs´ Two-Factor Model

Objective This study aims at examining the relationship between performance evaluation and therapist's job motivation based on Herzberg&rsquo;s two-factor model. Materials & Methods This study was a cross-sectional study conducted in 1394 that was performed on 80 rehabilitation therapists working in rehabilitation centers and government hospitals in Tehran. Sampling was done by cluster sampling method. The data collection tool included two standard questionnaires that employed performance evaluation and Herzberg's 40 material job motivation. Before any analysis, the variables were tested for normality with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Based on the normality of variables, data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test and Pearson correlation by SPSS software. Results The results showed that from therapists&rsquo; point of view, 90% of them stated that performance of the organization was essential and 88.8% said that performance evaluation was effective on job motivation. However, 55.7% of therapists, did not like the current performance evaluation. In this study, there was no significant relationship between therapist&rsquo;s job motivation and performance evaluation (P=0.47). From therapists&rsquo; point of view, the motivational factors (internal) had greater importance than hygiene factors (external). Accordingly, this study is in line with Herzberg's research. Job quality, responsibilities of job, job level, job security and salary had the highest role in motivation and effective performance. Based on the results of the statistical tests, no significant correlation was found between demographic variables such as gender, education level, marital status, place of work and rehabilitation therapists&rsquo; degree of performance evaluation. A significant correlation was observed between therapists&rsquo; work experience variable with performance evaluation and Herzberg's motivation theory (P=0.04). According to the results, the relationship between employment type of rehabilitation therapists and performance evaluation was significant (P<0.006). There was a significant relationship between age and job motivation theory of Herzberg in the therapists community (P=0.02).&nbsp; Conclusion It seems that with regard to the difficulty of rehabilitation therapists&rsquo; job, it is essential that necessary training for supervisors and managers and directors are organized in order to achieve organizational objectives by taking advantage of the performance standards and evaluation criteria. This will lead to an increase in the rehabilitation therapists&rsquo; job motivation and provide for them work progress and greater encouragement

Studying the Relationship Between Organizational Learning and Organizational Commitment of Staffs of Well-Being Organization in Yazd Province

Background: Since disabled persons and their families are those who refer to wellbeing organization, staff of such organization requires special education to provide essential capabilities in them. On the other hand, such educations should increase job satisfaction of staff leading to the increasing commitment. The current research aims to find the relation between organizational learning and organizational commitment of staff in wellbeing organization of Yazd province. Methods: This is an analytical-descriptive research and the statistical population is all staff of wellbeing organization of Yazd province (74 persons). Sampling was done by census in 2015. To gather information, Nifa organizational learning questionnaire and Allen & Mayer's organizational commitment questionnaire were used and each includes 24 items. Data were analyzed using SPSS18 software, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation and linear regression tests in significance level of P-value < 0.05. Results: Participants were 34 men (46%) and 40 women (54%). 66% of respondents had bachelor and 35.1% had work experience between 11 and 15 years. There was no significant difference between organizational commitment, organizational learning and gender. There was no significant relation between age and other research variables except for normative commitment. There was a linear significant relation and positive and direct correlation between components of organizational commitment including affective commitment, continuous commitment and normative commitment (P-value < 0.01). Conclusion: there was a positive and direct relation between organizational learning and organizational commitment of staff. Organizational commitment and organizational learning were averagely low in the organization. Therefore, managers of wellbeing organization should identify educational requirements of staff and offer opportunities to meet such needs and to promote abilities, skills, loyalty and commitment of staff to the organization