THE FINANCIAL SECTOR AND THE ECONOMY: IMPACT AND ROLE UNDER ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESES

Abstract not availabl

The Palestinian economy under occupation: Economicide

The article presents an analysis of the nature, structure, and dynamics of the relation between the Israeli and Palestinian economies as they have evolved during the occupation period and the few short years of limited Palestinian self-rule. It reveals the various asymmetries and anomalies in the relation, the way they have affected the course of the Palestinian economy, the costs that have been incurred by Palestinians, and the benefits that have accrued to Israelis from their continuation. It is argued that the removal of these anomalies and asymmetries are a prerequisite for any serious and genuine peace that would permit the economic infrastructure to promote and support a stable and durable peace. Divided into four sections, the article provides the theoretical framework within which the relationship between the two economies is analyzed; documents and examines specific practices and policies of successive Israeli governments with regard to the Palestinian economy; summarizes the cumulative effects of these specific restrictive practices; and closes with the presentation of some conclusions.Peace, security, Palestine, Middle East

The social and economic impacts of a permanent casino in Hamilton

This study examined the potential of a permanent casino in Hamilton with respect to its financial viability, economic impacts and social impacts. Although these three aspects are interrelated and influence one another, the results are presented separately for each aspect

チキュウカンキョウモンダイトショクノアンゼンセイノカンケイオヨビソノケンメイナカイケツサクニカンスルイチコウサツ

食糧安全保障の問題は、地球規模での大きな問題のひとつである。この問題は、食糧生産と水との関連性という観点において、水の確保、水の安全性の問題とも深く関係している。農業生産は、食の安全性の問題を解決する際の重要な糸口のひとつであり、生物物理学的な要因（土地や水の確保、気候変動、土壌劣化など）、経済事情（種の購水や水道料金の支払いという農家の経済的負担など）、食糧需給に関する国際的な法律のあり方に大きく左右される。しかし、気候変動や農業やその収量に大きな影響を与える季節的な変化から、農業には様々なリスクがある。農産物の生産は、食の安全性を解決、確率するための主要な政策として位置づけることができる。本稿では、人口の増加、耕地の確保、水資源の確保、気候変動（気温や降水量の変化）、食糧の需給、利便性、廃棄、飼料の多様化やさまざまなバイオ燃料の流通、農産物種の豊富化などといった地球規模での変化がもたらす食の安全のグローバリゼーションについて考察する。本稿では、気候変動などの要因にも直面している食の安全性をどのように確保するかという問いに対する解決法について論考を進め、農業、家畜の管理に対する賢明な対処法について議論する。加えて、技術的な解決方法についても言及し、食の安全性を確立するためのいくつかの政策的な選択肢を提示したい。生態系サービスに対する支払いといった観点にもとづく日本での事例、米の生産に対する気候変動の影響について考察を深め、実際に米生産に携わる農家がどのようにして気候変動に対応（順応）してきているかについてのラオスとフィリピンの事例を取り上げる。なお、本稿の事例の大部分は文献調査に基づくものであるが、日本の事例に関しては執筆者のひとりの現地調査によるものである。本稿は、ある種の文献ガイドとしての利用も可能であり、執筆者たちはそれを期待している。Global food security is one of the biggest challenges humanity is facing right now (intertwined with water security because there is no food security without water security). Agricultural production is a key to achieving food security and depends on biophysical factors (such as availability of land water; climate change; land degradation to name a few), economic condeitions (affordability of farmers to buy seeds, water) and national food policies. However, the risks posed by climate change and seasonal variability as it impact of global changes such as population growth,availability of arable lands, water resources, climate change (change in temperature and precipitation),food availability, accessibility and loss, diet diversification bio-fuels and changing patterns of crops due to globalization on food security. The paper then explores some climate smart approaches to agriculture, livestock and aquaculture management. In addition to the technical solutions, the paper also explores some policy options for achieving food security. One of such examples is a case study from Japan based on payment for ecosystem services. The final section looks at the impact of climate change on rice production in Laos and the Philippines and how some of the people are adapting to changing climate. Most of the paper relies heavily on secondary sources but the case study of Japan is based on the research by one of the authors. This paper can be used as a reference guide and references can be further explored to get detailed information

The Comparative Analysis of Carbon Pricing Policies on Canadian Northwest Territories’ Economy under Different Climate Change Scenarios

Policymakers in the Northwest Territories have introduced carbon pricing as a strategy to reduce fossil fuel consumption and CO2 emissions across various population segments and industries. This indirect approach, chosen for its acceptability, aims to influence behavior rather than directly limit carbon-intensive products. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the economic and ecological impacts of this policy and its alignment with intended objectives. Using a CGE macroeconomic model incorporating economic structural and behavioral equations, we assessed the policy’s effects on NWT’s economy in general and on a subset of its key sectors. We also incorporated a few observed and simulated climate data for diverse climate change scenarios. The estimated results revealed that climate variables, especially precipitation, significantly influenced sectors like agriculture, construction, and manufacturing. The standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI), which encompasses both temperature and precipitation, notably impacted the agriculture, oil, and gas sectors. However, temperature alone showed limited significance, except in the oil and gas sector. The simulation results indicated that, while carbon pricing reduced economic contributions of fossil fuel sector, household rebates could counteract these effects of the economic growth of NWT. Our findings offer valuable insights for shaping NWT’s environmental policies, aligning them with Canada’s goal of net-zero CO2 emissions by 2050

The Middle East in the world hierarchy:imperialism and resistance

This study deploys a structuralist framework of analysis, modified by elements from other theories, to examine the place of the Middle East in the world hierarchy. It surveys the origins of the regional system in imperialism's peripheralisation and fragmentation of the region, the core-periphery clientalist hierarchy thereby established, regional agency within the system, including the foreign policies of dependent and rebellious states, and the on-going struggle over the hierarchical order between revisionist forces in the Middle East and the global hegemons