Downsian Positions of Parties and Districts from the Numbers of Votes with Examples of Japanese Congressional Elections 1983 - 2004

This paper proposes, under assumptions of sincere voters with some additional conditions, to calculate the positions of parties and districts by “solving” a system of equations whose left hand sides are theoretical predictions and theright hand sides are the actual numbers of votes gained by the parties in the districts. The positions of parties and prefectures are calculated for the seats for the proportional representation in the Japanese congressional elections 1983 – 2004. The result reveals that the competition in these elections was not between the right and the left, but between the urban and the rural

臨床検査科学生のICT(Information and Communication Technology)活用能力の現状と課題 : 情報活用力診断テスト「Rasti」実施結果による分析

本研究では,川崎医療短期大学臨床検査科の学生を対象に,入学一年後の情報活用力を評価し,情報活用力の実態と問題点について明らかにすることを目的とし,市販の情報活用力診断テストを実施した.その結果,本学科学生の情報活用力の平均スコアは508.7点と一般学生(4年制大学1年から4年まで)の456.9点よりも高得点を示し,また,インターネットを通じてさまざまな情報を収集する力や Web やメールなどのメディアの特性を理解して効果的なコミュニケーションを図る力は社会人よりも高い水準を示していた.しかし,情報モラルや情報セキュリティの知識レベルは不十分であり,今後は情報セキュリティや情報モラルを含めた情報倫理教育を強化し,情報活用力の質の向上を目指すべく情報教育におけるカリキュラムの見直しを図る必要が示唆された

Induction of Experimental Atrophic Gastritis by N-Methyl-N'-Nitro-N-Nitrosoguanidine or Taurocholic Acid in Donryu Rats

The morphology of the rat (Donryu) gastric mucosa was examined by light microscopy after administration of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) or taurocholic acid (TCA), a component of bile acids. MNNG was given to rats ad libitum from light-sealed bottles for 5 months and deionized water was given freely for 6 months thereafter. TCA was administered to rats freely for 11 months. Deionized water was given to rats as control (non-treated rats). Rats treated with MNNG or TCA and control rats were killed at 11 months after the beginning of the experiment. Using 3 micron tissue samples taken from the area of the gastric mucosa designated before the experiment, hematoxylin and eosin and azan stain were made for histopathological evaluation and fibrosis. Marked atrophic changes, such as reduction in the number of parietal cells, shortened mucosa! length, inflammaotry cell infiltration, and proliferation of fibrosis, were present in the gastric mucosa of rats treated with MNNG as well as TCA. These findings were typical for atrophic gastritis. Such atrophic changes were slight in the gastric mucosa of the control rats. The frequency of tumourous lesions was very low in MNNG-treated rats. We have concluded on the basis of the present data that MNNG as well as TCA can induce atrophic gastritis in Donryu rats

Existence of VIP and PHI-Like Immunoreactivities in the Amphibian Gut

The present paper provides the first definitive evidence on the presence and possible co-existence of VIP- and PHI-like peptides in the peripheral nervous system of the amphibian (bullfrog) gut wall. The possibility of co-existence of the peptides suggests that VIP- and PHI-like peptide may be synthesized from the same precursor protein in the amphibian

Gastrin and Somatostatin in Patients with Hyperchlorhydric Duodenal Ulcer

Hormonal and morphological studies were conducted to ascertain the role played by gastrin and somatostatin in the pathophysiology of duodenal ulcer, in particular hyperchlorhydric duodenal ulcer, using 35 patients with duodenal ulcer, of whom 15 were hyperchlorhydric and 20 were normochlorhydric. Twenty normal subjects with normochlorhydria were used as a control. In patients with hyperchlorhydric duodenal ulcer following significant findings were observed: 1. Basal and stimulated hyperchlorhydria, 2. Parietal cell hyperplasia, 3. Basal hypergastrinemia, 4. Increased concentration of gastrin and large number of G cells (G cell hyperplasia) in the antral mucosa. 5. Mucosal concentration of somatostatin and D cells in the antrum was reduced, but the former in patients with hyperchlorhydric duodenal ulcer was not different from that in patients with normoacidic duodenal ulcer. 6. A significant correlation in mucosal concentration was demonstrated between gastrin and somatostatin in control subjects but not in patients with duodenal ulcer. 7. There was a significant correlation in maximal acidity in gastric secretion and mucosal concentration of antral somatostatin in control subjects but not in patients with duodenal ulcer. 8. Concentration of plasma somatostatin in patients with duodenal ulcer was not different from that in control subjects. These findings indicate that gastrin and somatostatin may participate in the pathophysiology of duodenal ulcer, at least in the subgroup of duodenal ulcer associated with hyperchlorhydria, and the subgroup of duodenal ulcer may be an endocrine disorder

看護科学生の子どもに対するイメージとそれに影響する要因(第3報)

A短期大学看護科1,2,3年生を対象に,SD法による43項目の子どもに対するイメージとそれに影響する要因を調査した.43項目の質問に対する回答について因子分析を行った結果,第一因子「生き生き」,第二因子「性質」,第三因子「たくましさ」と解釈できる3因子により構成されていた.因子別平均得点でみて,3因子はいずれも肯定的な側にあり,「生き生き」に関する因子は,他の2因子に比較して肯定度が有意に高かった(p<0.001).学生の子どもイメージに及ぼす要因として,3年生は「性質」と「たくましさ」に関する因子に肯定度が有意に高くなっていた(p<0.001).これは小児看護学臨地実習において子どもと深く関わることで成長発達の途上にある子どもの特徴を理解し,内面的特性や個別的な側面を捉えることができたことによるものである.また,子どもの世話への関心がある者は3因子すべてにおいて肯定度が有意に高かった(p<0.001).さらに,子どもが嫌い,どちらかというと嫌いと答えた学生が6.4オいた.これらの学生に対して,ロールプレイングを取り入れて疑似体験を行うことは,子どもの世話への関心を持たせ,苦手意識の克服やコミュニケーション能力を高めることができる有効な教育方法と考える