26 research outputs found
Microwave treatment modify antigenicity properties of bovine milk proteins
This work is aimed to assess the effect of a microwave heating on cowâs milk protein antigenicity. The heating protocol is established on the power/time relationship. A first share of milk samples were treated at 300 and 400 watts for 10, 15 and 20 min. The second share of milk and whey samples weretreated at 500, 600 and 700 watts for 10 min. The antigenicity of proteins is evaluated by a study of milk sample reactivity towards the IgG anti--Lg (obtained from immunized rabbits) using ELISA method. Microwave treatment of whole milk cause significant decrease of whey proteins concentration thansamples of fresh whey treated. Electrophoresis analysis reveals that whole milk treated by microwave induces more changes in whey proteins composition. Microwave heating of entire cowâs milk seems to diminish its whey proteins reactivity towards the specific antibodies (IgG)
Supplementation of olive mill wastes in broiler chicken feeding
This work was conducted in order to study the value of olive mill wastes as diet on the growth performance, abdominal and muscle fat deposition, adipose and muscle tissues fatty acid composition in broilers. 200 male chickens that were 2 weeks old, 50 for each diet, were assigned to one of the three diets containing 5, 10 or 15% olive mill wastes (OMW) compared to control diet (CD). There were no significant differences in body and weight gain, final body carcass, thighs and pectoral muscle weight between birds. The same observation was seen for abdominal tissue fat (% of body weight) of which no differences were detected in birds fed OMW diet compared to those fed on the control diet. Linoleic acid proportion increases significantly in the pectoral muscle (p < 0.0001) with the three diets containing OMW, but its level decreases in tight muscle with 5 and 10% OMW diets (p < 0.0001) and remainunchanged in abdominal fat. Oleic acid proportion increases in thigh muscle (p < 0.006) and remain unchanged in pectoral muscle and in abdominal adipose tissue. Palmitic acid proportion decreasessignificantly in pectoral muscle (p < 0.0001) and in abdominal adipose tissue (p < 0.002), but increases significantly in thigh muscle (p < 0.05). In conclusion, OMW diet gives attractive results. It bringsidentical growth performances and affect abdominal and muscle fat deposition and fatty acid composition
Effect of a hyper-protein diet on Wistar rats development and intestinal function
This study was designed to investigate the long-term effects of a high-protein diet on the functional and histological structure of the intestinal epithelium. Sixteen adult male Wistar rats (180 ± 2.27 g) were divided into two groups: 1) the control group, (n = 30) were fed a normal diet of 14% protein; 2) the P50- group (n = 30) were fed a 50% protein diet. The effects of a high-protein diet were studied over a periodof 2 months. Functional and morphological differences between the high-protein and control groups were compared. Internal organs (liver, stomach, lungs, heart, kidneys, spleen, intestine, skin, surrenalglands, white and brown adipose tissues) were removed from each sacrificed animal. The organs were weighed, and histological studies were performed on jejunal fragments. The weight of the P50 grouprats increased 79%, while the weight of the control-group increased 98% (p< 0.01 0.05). The weight of the white adipose tissue, the skeleton and the skin were significantly greater in control-group rats (p< 0.01). An important modification of the epithelial structure in the intestine was observed in rats of the P50 group. The average length of their villi was significantly reduced and there was a significantincrease in their IEL (p< 0.01). Our results indicate that ingestion of a protein-rich diet over a long period leads to modification of the histological structure of the intestinal epithelium, as indicated by;pronounced atrophy of mucosa; marked inflammatory infiltration of lymphocytes in the chorion; and many intra-epithelial lymphocytes
Growth, acidification and proteolysis performance of two co-cultures (Lactobacillus plantarum-Bifidobacterium longum and Streptococcus thermophilus-Bifidobacterium longum)
In this study, the fermentation and proteolysis of two co-cultures were investigated. Two fermented cow skim-milk lactoferrin 1 (LF1) and lactoferrin 2 (LF2) were prepared. LF1 was inoculated with Bifidobacterium longum (Bf I) and Streptococcus thermophillus (St I) while LF2 was inoculated with Lactobacillus plantarum (Lb O) and B. longum (Bf I). Incubation was at 42°C for 8 h. The enumeration revealed bacterial growth in all fermented milk. Maximum growth of (Lb O) and (Bf I) was observed when mixed together after 2 h of fermentation in comparison with Bf I and St I with values of 109 and 3.108 cfu/ml, respectively. The kinetics of acidification (pH and lactic acid production) gave significant values (p < 0.01) for LF2 when compared to LF1 and sterile milk (LS). The proteolytic activity (functions α-NH2 released in M/mg) and total proteins (in μg/mg) gave significant values (p < 0.05) for LF2 when compared to LF1. Two mixed cultures (Lb O- Bf I) and (St I-Bf I) showed proteolysis of ß-lactoglobulin (ß-Lg) and -lactalbumin (α-la)
Behaviour of digestive enzymes in the pancreatic juice and pancreas of rats fed on a low-protein diet (3 p. 100 of cereal protein) then on a balanced diet (23.5 p. 100 of mixed protein)
International audienc
Ătude histologique de biopsies jĂ©junales de sujets cĆliaques en phase active de la maladie et aprĂšs restriction au gluten
Les critĂšres actuellement admis pour le diagnostic de la maladie cĆliaque sont
histologiques et comportent la constatation dâune atrophie ou une subatrophie
villositaire sous régime contenant du gluten. Le diagnostic de certitude de
cette affection nâest cependant obtenu quâaprĂšs rĂ©gression des lĂ©sions
histologiques sous un régime sans gluten strict. Ainsi, le but de ce travail est
de vĂ©riïŹer sur des coupes histologiques le degrĂ© dâatteinte de la structure
Ă©pithĂ©liale de sujets cĆliaques en phase active de la maladie et la capacitĂ© de
recouvrement de lâintegritĂ© Ă©pithĂ©liale aprĂšs restriction au gluten. Des
biopsies jéjunales ont été prélevées dans un but diagnostic chez 16 sujets
cĆliaques. Elles ont Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©es Ă diffĂ©rents stades. Les fragments
intestinaux Ă©taient ïŹxĂ©s au Bouin aqueux puis inclus dans la parafïŹne, coupĂ©s,
dĂ©parafïŹnĂ©s et colorĂ©s Ă lâhĂ©malunĂ©osine. Selon leur aspect, ces coupes Ă©taient
classĂ©es en cinq grades. Ăgalement biopsisĂ©s 9 sujets formant le groupe tĂ©moin
dans les mĂȘmes conditions mais pour des raisons autres que la maladie cĆliaque.
Tous nos sujets témoins présentaient une histologie de type grade I. En phase
active de la maladie ; 37,5 % des sujets malades Ă©taient de grade V 50% Ă©taient
de grade IV et 12,5 % , Ă©taient de grade III. En phase dâexclusion du gluten ;
6,25 % des sujets malades restaient en grade V 37,5 % en grade IV 37,5 %
présentaient un grade III et 18,75 % un grade II. En , , phase de guérison ; le
grade IV persistait chez 12,5 % des sujets malades, le grade III chez 25 %, en
revanche, 56,25 % des sujets malades présentaient un grade II et 6,25 % un grade
I. Ă lâissue de cette Ă©tude, il apparaĂźt que le degrĂ© de rĂ©cupĂ©ration de
lâĂ©pithĂ©lium intestinal diffĂšre en fonction de chaque individu, probablement en
rapport avec sa constitution, sa gĂ©nĂ©tique et dâautres facteurs ; de mĂȘme, il
nâexiste pas de durĂ©e standard quant Ă la pĂ©riode de restriction au gluten
Ăvaluation des activitĂ©s des disaccharidases et des dipeptidases dans la muqueuse jĂ©junale de sujets cĆliaques
Le dĂ©terminisme de la maladie cĆliaque repose sur des arguments immunologiques,
génétiques, enzymatiques et environnementaux. Si de nombreuses données sur la
maladie cĆliaque sont disponibles sur les aspects immunologiques, gĂ©nĂ©tiques et
environnementaux, en revanche peu de donnĂ©es sont colligĂ©es quant Ă lâhypothĂšse
dâun dĂ©ïŹcit enzymatique, notamment un dĂ©ïŹcit en peptidases intestinales,
entraĂźnant une dĂ©gradation incomplĂšte du gluten. Ainsi, lâobjectif de ce travail
est de vĂ©riïŹer chez une population de sujets malades cĆliaques, si il existe une
altération de la fonction intestinale concernant les activités enzymatiques de
la bordure en brosse de trois disaccharidases et de trois dipeptidases. Les
activitĂ©s totale et spĂ©ciïŹque de 3 disaccharidases et de 3 dipeptidases ont Ă©tĂ©
dosées par spectrophotométrie, sur des biopsies jéjunales prélevées dans un but
diagnostic chez 16 sujets cĆliaques Ă diffĂ©rents stades. Les rĂ©sultats obtenus
ont été comparés à ceux de 9 sujets de référence également biopsisés dans les
mĂȘmes conditions mais pour des raisons autres que la maladie cĆliaque. Les taux
de protĂ©ines totales mesurĂ©es chez les patients cĆliaques Ă©taient comparables
dur ant les trois phases expérimentales : B1, B2 et
B3. Chez les malades cĆliaques, nos rĂ©sultats montrent des taux
lĂ©gĂšrement abaissĂ©s des activitĂ©s totale et spĂ©ciïŹque des 3 disaccharidases en
phase active de la maladie, mais de façon non signiïŹcative. En revanche, seules
les activitĂ©s totale et spĂ©ciïŹque de la maltase sont signiïŹcativement augmentĂ©es
respectivement en phase de guĂ©rison. Il en est de mĂȘme lorsquâon compare
B1 Ă B3. Aucune modiïŹcation signiïŹcative nâest
observĂ©e pour lâactivitĂ© globale des 3 dipeptidases durant les trois phases
expĂ©rimentales. En revanche, les activitĂ©s spĂ©ciïŹques de la L-glycyl â L-proline
dipeptidase et de la L-alanyl â L-proline dipeptidase sont signiïŹcativement
diminuées en phase active de la maladie. Ces activités réaugmentent en période
de restriction au gluten. Ă la lumiĂšre de ces rĂ©sultats, la maladie cĆliaque ne
semble pas affecter signiïŹcativement lâactivitĂ© enzymatique des disaccharidases.
En revanche, lâactivitĂ© des dipeptidases diminue signiïŹcativement en phase
active de la maladie suggérant une atteinte probablement partielle des processus
de la digestion enzymatique au niveau de lâĂ©pithĂ©lium intestinal