政策改革がパキスタンの貿易実績に及ぼした影響の計量経済学的分析

公共政策プログラム / Public Policy Program政策研究大学院大学 / National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies論文審査委員: Kaliappa Kalirajan（主査）, Jonna P. Estudillo, 大山 達雄, Wade Pfau, ナーワーラゲ・Ｓ・クーレイ（国際大学

Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks blended polysulfone hollow fiber membranes for natural gas purification

Mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) have received world-wide attention for natural gas purification due to their superior performance in terms of permeability and selectivity. In this study, zeolitic imidazole framework (ZIF) based polysulfone (PSf) hollow fiber membranes were fabricated for natural gas purification. A new micron-sized leaf-like ZIF (ZIF-L) and hexagonal nano-sized ZIF-8 were synthesized in an aqueous basic solution at room temperature with the same molar ratio of reagents (Zn+2/Hmim = 8). Furthermore, various moles of triethylamine (TEA)/total moles ratio of reactants ranging from 0–0.006 were used. Both ZIF powders were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, CO2 temperature programmed desorption, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and surface area and pores textural properties using nitrogen adsorption-desorption analysis. ZIF- 8 particles have shown improved thermal stability, textural properties, basic sites and CO2 adsorption capacity compared to ZIF-L. The neat PSf membrane and mixed matrix hollow fiber membranes incorporated with the various loading of ZIF-8 ranging from 0–1.25% were fabricated at bore fluid rate of 1.5 and 1.8 ml/min. The prepared membranes were further investigated with respect to their structural morphology, thermal stability, functional groups, surface roughness and finally gas separation performance. The gas permeation results at room temperature showed that fabricated MMM at 1.8 ml/min of bore fluid and loaded with 0.5 wt% of ZIF-8 showed 28% higher CO2/CH4 selectivity at 6 bar (g) feed pressure compared to neat PSf membrane. High loading of ZIF-8 =0.75 wt% deteriorated the separation performances. However, CO2/CH4 selectivity decreased at elevated pressure (8 and 10 bar) due to CO2-induced plasticization. The amine modification of ZIF-8 particles with 25 ml ammonium hydroxide solution at room temperature was found to significantly improve textural properties, basic sites strength and CO2 desorption capacity. MMM prepared at 1.8 ml/min of bore fluid rate and loaded with 0.25 wt% of amine modified ZIF-8 showed 18% increase in CO2/CH4 selectivity compared to unmodified ZIF-8 based membrane. The amine modification was proven to be a membrane’s anti-plasticization agent with superior gas separation performance at elevated pressure. In comparison to the neat PSf membrane, amine modified MMM prepared at the bore fluid rate of 1.8 ml/min has shown 50, 72 and 69% higher selectivity at 6, 8 and 10 bar (g) feed pressure respectively. Also, the selectivity of A-M0.25 was 18% higher than unmodified ZIF-8 based MMM at 6 bar (g) feed pressure. The permeance of both gases decreased at an acceptable level with an increase of selectivity at elevated pressure. Hence, the promising results obtained in this study has demonstrated the potential of amine modified ZIF-8 based MMMs for natural gas purification

Bureaucracy and Public Management Reforms: Evidence from Pakistan

The paper examines administrative performance and public management reforms in Pakistan. The study is based on the expert opinion of the civil servants gathered via 27 semi-structured interviews. Pakistan has inherited the administrative structure from the British colonial raj. Although there have been numerous reforms aimed at improving administrative performance, none of them have been implemented adequately. The changes pursued in the first two decades were related to enhancing the administrative performance by creating an adequate structure of administrative posts and ensuring a fair remuneration system. The first full reform package was presented in the 1970s with steps to improve the civil service performance and nationalization of significant banks and industries. The New Public Management (NPM) inspired the Pakistani government to adopt the policies of managerialism and privatization during the 1990s. The government intended to remove the status quo and privatize the public sector industries. This reform was successful only with regard to the privatization of some sectors and banks. The remaining reform programme failed mostly because of political instability, weak political will, political interference with the reform process, etc. The semi-structured interviews conducted with Pakistani civil servants tackled the public administration problems and their possible solutions. The respondents suggested that an indigenous public management model should be created. They indicated that the government should firmly support the implementation of reform measures. Civil servants should get salaries according to their expertise. There must be a well-defined and up to date performance and evaluation system able to ensure performance-based promotions, rewards, and punishments

Hydromagnetic Falkner-Skan flow of Casson fluid past a moving wedge with heat transfer

AbstractNumerical solutions are carried out for steady state two dimensional electrically conducting mixed convection flow of Casson fluid along non-isothermal moving wedge through porous medium in the presence of viscous dissipation and heat generation/absorption. The governing partial differential equations, subject to boundary conditions are transformed into ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations. The transformed equations are then solved numerically by Keller-box method. To check the validity of present method, numerical results for dimensionless local skin friction coefficient and rate of heat transfer are compared with results of available literature as special cases and revealed in good agreement. The influence of pertinent parameters on velocity, temperature profiles, as well as wall shear stress and heat transfer rate is displayed in graphical form and discussed. It is found that fluid velocity increases with increase of Eckert number in case of assisting flow, while it decreases in case of opposing flow. It is also noticed that heat generation/absorption parameter influence fluid velocity and temperature significantly. A significant result obtained from this study is that heat transfer rate reduces with increase of Prandtl number in the presence of viscous dissipation effect. Also, increasing values of Eckert number have no effects on force convection flow

MHD Mixed Convection Flow of Casson Fluid over a Moving Wedge Saturated in a Porous Medium in the presence of Chemical Reaction and Convective Boundary Conditions

This work concerned to hydromagnetic mixed convection flow of Casson fluid over a wedge. It is assumed that the wedge is moving inside a porous medium. The effects of chemical reaction, slip and convective boundary conditions at velocity, temperature and concentration walls are also considered. The governing partial differential equations are converted into ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations, and then solved by implicit finite difference scheme. Comparisons with the existing literature are performed and good agreement is achieved. The influence of physical parameters on flow fields are illustrated graphically. It is observed that the velocity rises with the increment in Casson fluid parameter and magnetic parameter. It is also noticed that thickness of thermal boundary layer grows with the increase of radiation. The skin friction coefficient enhances with the increase of porosity parameter while reduces as Casson fluid and moving wedge parameters increase. Increase in heat and mass transfer rate is noticed to be enhanced with the increase in radiation and chemical reaction parameters, respectively

Research on the analytics of traffic pumping in telecommunications via data science using rehabilitated frog leaping algorithm

One kind of telecom crime known as "traffic pumping" occurs when local phone companies artificially overstate the volume of calls flowing into their systems so that they may charge the calling party a greater access fee than their own. Lacking labels for training set makes it difficult to determine whether congestion pumps has occurred. In this study, we suggested a decision-support system based on cluster analysis and decision trees for identifying fraudulent cases. In this study, we use the IBM Telco and Cell2cell datasets. The gathered information can be preprocessed using normalization. When we have collected enough data, we use the rehabilitation frog leaping algorithm (RFLA) to divide up the possible incidents of fraud into distinct groups. Next, we used the cluster participation labels to build a decision tree that led us to the criteria that must be met in order to pursue legal action against the circumstances that raised red flags. Professionals in the field of telecommunications (TC) verify these guidelines in an effort to find a legal remedy against accused offenders. The results are demonstrated and proved the efficiency of the proposed system by comparing it with the conventional techniques

Hungarian Mechanism based Sectored FFR for Irregular Geometry Multicellular Networks

The growing demands for mobile broadband application services along with the scarcity of the spectrum have triggered the dense utilization of frequency resources in cellular networks. The capacity demands are coped accordingly, however at the detriment of added inter-cell interference (ICI). Fractional Frequency Reuse (FFR) is an effective ICI mitigation approach when adopted in realistic irregular geometry cellular networks. However, in the literature optimized spectrum resources for the individual users are not considered. In this paper Hungarian Mechanism based Sectored Fractional Frequency Reuse (HMS-FFR) scheme is proposed, where the sub-carriers present in the dynamically partitioned spectrum are optimally allocated to each user. Simulation results revealed that the proposed HMS-FFR scheme enhances the system performance in terms of achievable throughput, average sum rate, and achievable throughput with respect to load while considering full traffic