Evaluation of common bean (Phaseolous vulgaris L.) genotypes against anthracnose (Colletotrichum lindemuthianum Sacc. and Magn.)

Saabunud / Received 21.10.2021 ; Aktsepteeritud / Accepted 27.12.2021 ; Avaldatud veebis / Published online 27.12.2021 ; Vastutav autor / Corresponding author: Sujata K.C. [email protected] genotypes of common bean were evaluated against anthracnose under natural epiphytotic conditions. This study was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the research field of Agriculture Research Station (ARS), Vijaynagar, Jumla, Nepal from June to September 2018. The area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) and disease severity were calculated. In laboratory conditions, artificial inoculation was carried out on detached leaves of twelve genotypes using a pure culture suspension of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (1.2× 106 conidia ml–1) in a completely randomized design with three replications. The results showed that bean genotypes varied significantly for disease severity both in the field and laboratory conditions. In the field, bean genotypes showed resistance to highly susceptible reactions. Their AUDPC value ranged from 120.55 to 502.31. The lowest mean AUDPC value was recorded in KBL-1 (120.55) followed by KBL-3 (123.79) and KBL-2 (124.44). Similarly, the lowest severity value was recorded with KBL-1 (0.51), KBL-2 (0.52) and KBL-3 (0.53). Detached leaf assay in laboratory experiment showed that the lowest mean AUDPC was found in KBL-2 (16.67) and KBL-3 (16.67). Therefore, KBL-2 and KBL-3 could be utilized as resistant varieties to anthracnose disease under Jumla and similar field conditions

Attitude Towards Online Education During Covid-19 Pandemic Among Bachelor Level Students of Jumla

Background: Health science students, since long time, have been using digital technology mainly for the research purposes only. Due to global spread of corona virus disease (COVID-19), education system has changed and adopted online education which was a solution for the continuity of teaching and learning process during COVID-19 pandemic. The main objective of this study was to assess the attitude towards online education among bachelor level health science students. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at Karnali Academy of Health Sciences, Jumla. Complete enumeration was done. Total 68 bachelor level students were taken for the study. A pretested self administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were entered and analyzed by using SPSS version 16. Frequency and percentage were also computed for demographics variables. Chi-square test was applied to assess the association between socio-demographic variables and attitude level. Results: The study illustrated that, among the 68 bachelor level students, nearly two third (63.2%) students had negative attitude towards online education during COVID-19 pandemic. There was statistically significant association of attitude level with ethnicity, type of program and strength of internet connection (p≤0.05). Conclusion: Majority of students of Karnali Academy had negative attitude towards online education; and they had faced many difficulties like internet and electricity problem etc. Administration and faculty members should take necessary measures for improving online education