Additional file 1 of Imaging markers of cerebral amyloid angiopathy and hypertensive arteriopathy differentiate Alzheimer disease subtypes synergistically

Additional file 1:Supplementary Table 1. Subtypes of AD based on patterns of brain atrophy from visual rating scales. Supplementary Table 2.  ROC analysis for CAA-SVD score in differentiating the MA subtype from non-MA subtypes. Supplementary Table 3. Associations of HA-SVD scores with composite cognitive scores between patients with CAA-SVD score ≤ 1 vs. >1 across AD subtypes. Supplementary Figure 1. The heatmap of the correlation matrix across composite cognitive scores using Pearson correlation coefficient

Presentation_1_Optimizing methadone dose adjustment in patients with opioid use disorder.PDF

IntroductionOpioid use disorder is a cause for concern globally. This study aimed to optimize methadone dose adjustments using mixed modeling and machine learning.MethodsThis retrospective study was conducted at Taichung Veterans General Hospital between January 1, 2019, and December 31, 2020. Overall, 40,530 daily dosing records and 1,508 urine opiate test results were collected from 96 patients with opioid use disorder. A two-stage approach was used to create a model of the optimized methadone dose. In Stage 1, mixed modeling was performed to analyze the association between methadone dose, age, sex, treatment duration, HIV positivity, referral source, urine opiate level, last methadone dose taken, treatment adherence, and likelihood of treatment discontinuation. In Stage 2, machine learning was performed to build a model for optimized methadone dose.ResultsLikelihood of discontinuation was associated with reduced methadone doses (β = 0.002, 95% CI = 0.000–0.081). Correlation analysis between the methadone dose determined by physicians and the optimized methadone dose showed a mean correlation coefficient of 0.995 ± 0.003, indicating that the difference between the methadone dose determined by physicians and that determined by the model was within the allowable range (p ConclusionWe developed a model for methadone dose adjustment in patients with opioid use disorders. By integrating urine opiate levels, treatment adherence, and likelihood of treatment discontinuation, the model could suggest automatic adjustment of the methadone dose, particularly when face-to-face encounters are impractical.</p

Table_1_Comparison of Aspergillus-specific antibody cut-offs for the diagnosis of aspergillosis.DOCX

BackgroundAspergillus diseases are frequently encountered in patients who are immunocompromised. Without a prompt diagnosis, the clinical consequences may be lethal. Aspergillus-specific antibodies have been widely used to facilitate the diagnosis of Aspergillus diseases. To date, universally standardized cut-off values have not been established. This study aimed to investigate the cut-off values of Aspergillus-specific antibodies and perform a narrative review to depict the geographic differences in the Taiwanese population.MethodsWe analyzed enrolled 118 healthy controls, 29 patients with invasive aspergillosis (IA), chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA), and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) and 99 with disease control, who were tested for Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus niger-specific IgG and IgE using ImmunoCAP. 99 participants not fulfilling the diagnosis of IA, CPA, and ABPA were enrolled in the disease control group. The duration of retrieval of medical records from June 2018 to September 2021. Optimal cut-offs and association were determined using receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis.ResultsWe found that patients with CPA had the highest A. fumigatus-specific IgG levels while patients with ABPA had the highest A. fumigatus-specific IgE, and A. niger-specific IgG and IgE levels. In patients with CPA and ABPA, the optimal cut-offs of A. fumigatus-specific IgG and A. niger-specific IgG levels were 41.6, 40.8, 38.1, and 69.9 mgA/l, respectively. Geographic differences in the cut-off values of A. fumigatus-specific IgG were also noted. Specifically, the levels were different in eco-climatic zones.ConclusionWe identified the optimal cut-offs of Aspergillus-specific antibodies to facilitate a precise diagnosis of aspergillosis. The observed geographic differences of the antibody levels suggest that an eco-climatic-specific reference is needed to facilitate a prompt and accurate diagnosis of aspergillosis.</p

Additional file 1: Table S1. of The risk of nontuberculous mycobacterial infection in patients with Sjögren’s syndrome: a nationwide, population-based cohort study

Unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios for the association between variable and the risk of NTM infection after the diagnosis. (XLSX 9945 kb

Additional file 1 of Polymorphism at codon 31 of CDKN1A (p21) as a predictive factor for bevacizumab therapy in glioblastoma multiforme

Additional file 1: Supplementary Figure 1. showcases the unaltered and unprocessed versions of Figure 2b. Importantly, no adjustments were made to the exposure parameters of this image. Supplementary Data. Supplementary Table 1. Primer sequences, annealing temperature and product size for methylation-specific polymerase of MGMT gene

Tocilizumab potentially prevents bone loss in patients with anticitrullinated protein antibody-positive rheumatoid arthritis

<div><p>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with a high risk of osteoporosis and fracture. Interleukin (IL)-6 inhibitors may suppress osteoclast activation. Anticitrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) titers are inversely associated with bone mineral density (BMD). However, the differential effect of ACPA on bone turnover marker (BTM) and BMD changes after IL-6 inhibition remains unclear. This prospective study recruited patients with active RA with inadequate response to methotrexate or biologics. BMD was measured before and after 2-year tocilizumab (TCZ) treatment. Serum osteocalcin, N-terminal propeptide of type I collagen (P1NP), and C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) levels were assessed at the baseline and after treatment. We enrolled 76 patients with RA (89.5% women, age: 57.2 ± 13.3 years) receiving TCZ. The 28-joint disease activity score was negatively correlated with BMD and T-scores of the lumbar spine and bilateral femoral neck. ACPA-positive patients had lower lumbar spine and femoral neck T-scores. After 2-year TCZ treatment, CTX levels significantly decreased (0.32 ± 0.21 vs. 0.26 ± 0.17, <i>p</i> = 0.038). Femoral neck BMD increased significantly (0.71 ± 0.22 vs. 0.69 ± 0.55, <i>p</i> = 0.008). Decreased CTX levels and improved BMD were observed only in ACPA-positive patients. After treatment, femoral neck BMD significantly increased only in patients receiving a glucocorticoid dose of ≥5 mg/day. Two-year TCZ treatment reduced bone resorption and increased femoral BMD in ACPA-positive patients. The net effects of glucocorticoids and IL-6 inhibition on BMD imply that strict inflammation control might affect bone metabolism.</p></div

Comparison of BTM and BMD between patients with RA receiving a daily glucocorticoid dose of ≥5 mg and those receiving a daily glucocorticoid dose of <5 mg before and after tocilizumab treatment.

<p>(A) osteocalcin, (B) P1NP, (C) CTX, (D) lumbar spine BMD, (E) right femoral neck BMD, and (F) left femoral neck BMD. Error bars: mean ± standard error, *: <i>p</i> value < 0.05 by Wilcoxon signed rank test. BMD: bone mineral density; BTM: bone turnover markers; CTX: C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen; GC: glucocorticoid; P1NP: N-terminal propeptide of type I collagen; RA: rheumatoid arthritis.</p

Comparison of BTM and BMD between patients with ACPA-positive RA and those with ACPA-negative RA before and after tocilizumab treatment.

<p>(A) osteocalcin, (B) P1NP, (C) CTX, (D) lumbar spine BMD, (E) right femoral neck BMD, and (F) left femoral neck BMD Error bars: mean ± standard error, *: <i>p</i> value < 0.05 by the Wilcoxon signed rank test. ACPA: anticitrullinated protein antibody; BMD: bone mineral density; BTM: bone turnover markers; CTX: C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen; P1NP: N-terminal propeptide of type I collagen; RA: rheumatoid arthritis.</p

Comparison of demographic data, bone turnover markers, and bone mineral density between patients with ACPA-positive RA and those with ACPA-negative RA.

<p>Comparison of demographic data, bone turnover markers, and bone mineral density between patients with ACPA-positive RA and those with ACPA-negative RA.</p

Bone turnover markers and bone mineral density before and after tocilizumab treatment.

<p>Bone turnover markers and bone mineral density before and after tocilizumab treatment.</p