Prolonged mechanical ventilation worsens sepsis-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction in the rat - Fig 1

<p><b>Maximal tetanic force (Panel A), maximal twitch force (Panel B) and force-frequency relationship (Panel C) of the diaphragm in the four experimental groups.</b> Control = spontaneous ventilation without endotoxemia; MV = mechanical ventilation without sepsis; SV-LPS = endotoxemia with spontaneous ventilation; MV-LPS = endotoxemia with mechanical ventilation. Results are presented in the form of box plots. Boxes are drawn between the first and third quartiles of the distribution, black bars indicate the median, and whiskers indicate the minimum and maximum values, n = 8 per group. *: P<0.05 versus Control; †: P<0.05 versus MV; $: P< 0.05 versus SV-LPS.</p

Diaphragmatic contractile properties.

<p>Diaphragmatic contractile properties.</p

Mean arterial blood pressure and arterial blood gases at the end of the 12-h protocol.

<p>Mean arterial blood pressure and arterial blood gases at the end of the 12-h protocol.</p

Prolonged mechanical ventilation worsens sepsis-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction in the rat - Fig 4

<p><b>Relationship between maximum isometric tetanic force of the diaphragm and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (Panel A), interleukin (IL)-1β (Panel B) and IL-6 (Panel C) protein concentration in the diaphragm (left panels) and in the plasma (right panels).</b> Correlation determined by Spearman test.</p

Prolonged mechanical ventilation worsens sepsis-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction in the rat - Fig 3

<p><b>Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (Panel A), interleukin (IL)-1β (Panel B) and IL-6 (Panel C) protein concentration in the diaphragm (left panels) and in the plasma (right panels) in the four experimental groups.</b> Control = spontaneous ventilation without endotoxemia; MV = mechanical ventilation without sepsis; SV-LPS = endotoxemia with spontaneous ventilation; MV-LPS = endotoxemia with mechanical ventilation. Results are presented in the form of box plots as well as individual values. Boxes are drawn between the first and third quartiles of the distribution, black bars indicate the median, and whiskers indicate the minimum and maximum values, n = 8 per group. *: P<0.05 versus Control; †: P<0.05 versus MV; $: P< 0.05 versus SV-LPS.</p

Prolonged mechanical ventilation worsens sepsis-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction in the rat - Fig 2

<p><b>Proportion of diaphragm myofibers in which intramyocellular fat droplets was observed (panel A) and diaphragm cross-sectional area (<i>CSA</i>) of type I (panel B), type IIa, (panel C) and type IIx fibres (panel D) in the four experimental groups.</b> ORO = Oil Red O; Control = spontaneous ventilation without endotoxemia; MV = mechanical ventilation without sepsis; SV-LPS = endotoxemia with spontaneous ventilation; MV-LPS = endotoxemia with mechanical ventilation. Results are presented in the form of box plots as well as individual values. Boxes are drawn between the first and third quartiles of the distribution, black bars indicate the median, and whiskers indicate the minimum and maximum values, n > 4 per group. *: P<0.05 versus Control; †: P<0.05 versus MV.</p