El extensómetro de cable: ventajas respecto la auscultación tradicional y experiencia de aplicación en el vertedero de residuos de Epele (Gipuzkoa)

La auscultación de las laderas de los vertederos es imprescindible para estudiar su estabilidad, tanto en fase de explotación, como una vez clausurados. Una técnica habitual es instalar inclinómetros y piezómetros, para monitorizar el movimiento del terreno, y su relación con el nivel freático. La principal limitación de los inclinómetros es que no admiten deformaciones importantes que terminan por inutilizarlos. El uso del extensómetro de cable permite superar esta limitación y medir deformaciones decimétricas y superiores, permitiendo establecer sistemas de auscultación más eficientes y seguros. En el presente trabajo se describe la experiencia de auscultación del vertedero de Epele, en Gipuzkoa, mediante inclinómetros, piezómetros y extensómetros. Los equipos extensométricos han sido desarrollados a partir de un diseño de la UPC. Desde su instalación en 2007, en un ambiente altamente agresivo, los equipos funcionan satisfactoriamente, mientras que algunos inclinómetros quedaron inutilizados en menos de 2 años. En el año 2020, se ha ampliado la auscultación con dos nuevos equipos de extensómetro de cable que permiten el almacenamiento y envío automatizado de datos al cliente vía web. De esta forma, el extensómetro de cable es un dispositivo de auscultación que permite calibrar los modelos geotécnicos y la validación de los análisis de estabilidad, y es una herramienta eficaz y durable como sistema de detección de peligro y alerta temprana.Postprint (published version

Rockfall and debris flow hazard assessment of the coastal road of Gipuzkoa (Northern Spain)

The coastal roads of the Gipuzkoa province, Basque Country, Northern Spain, suffer frequent damage and blockage as a consequence of the instability of slopes. In 2006 the Gipuzkoa Road Conservation Service promoted a study aiming at identifying the locations showing the highest risk and prioritizing actions for road stabilization and protection. In this communication the results obtained with the Rockfall Hazard Rating System (RHRS) modified by Budetta (Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci. Euro Geosci Union, 4:71-81, 2004), which has been adapted to the specificities of the study road, are presented. First, the index has been normalized by the length of the sections analyzed to allow their comparison. Second, rockfall volume and frequency have been modified to accommodate local conditions of the cut-slopes and their hazard level. Finally, the RHRS has been adapted to account for the occurrence of small-size debris flow events. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013

Integrated risk assessment due to slope instabilities in the roadway network of Gipuzkoa, Basque Country

Transportation corridors such as roadways are often subjected to both natural instability and cut-slope failures, with substantial physical damage to the road infrastructure and threats to the circulating vehicles and passengers. In the early 2000s, the Gipuzkoa Provincial Council of the Basque Country in Spain noted the need for assessing the risk related to the geotechnical hazards of its road network, in order to assess and monitor their safety for road users. The quantitative risk assessment (QRA) was selected as a tool for comparing the risk of different hazards on an objective basis. Few examples of multi-hazard risk assessment along transportation corridors exist. The methodology presented here consists of the calculation of risk, in terms of probability of failure and its respective consequences, and it was applied to 84 selected points of risk (PoR) over the entire road network managed by the Gipuzkoa Provincial Council. The types of encountered slope instabilities that are examined are rockfalls, retaining-wall failures, and slow-moving landslides. The proposed methodology includes the calculation of the probability of failure for each hazard based on an extensive collection of field data, and its association with the expected consequences. Instrumentation data from load cells and inclinometers were used for the anchored walls and the slow-moving landslides, respectively. The expected road damage was assessed for each hazard level in terms of a fixed unit cost (UC). The results indicate that the risk can be comparable for the different hazards. A total of 21¿% of the PoR in the study area were found to be of very high risk.Peer Reviewe

Rockfall and debris flow hazard assessment of the coastal road of Gipuzkoa (Northern Spain)

The coastal roads of the Gipuzkoa province, Basque Country, Northern Spain, suffer frequent damage and blockage as a consequence of the instability of slopes. In 2006 the Gipuzkoa Road Conservation Service promoted a study aiming at identifying the locations showing the highest risk and prioritizing actions for road stabilization and protection. In this communication the results obtained with the Rockfall Hazard Rating System (RHRS) modified by Budetta (Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci. Euro Geosci Union, 4:71-81, 2004), which has been adapted to the specificities of the study road, are presented. First, the index has been normalized by the length of the sections analyzed to allow their comparison. Second, rockfall volume and frequency have been modified to accommodate local conditions of the cut-slopes and their hazard level. Finally, the RHRS has been adapted to account for the occurrence of small-size debris flow events. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013