Appendix B. Migratory GPS locations collected from a sample of 32 adult female mule deer captured in the Wild Horse Winter Range located in the Atlantic Rim Project Area of southwest Wyoming, USA, February 2005–November 2006.

Migratory GPS locations collected from a sample of 32 adult female mule deer captured in the Wild Horse Winter Range located in the Atlantic Rim Project Area of southwest Wyoming, USA, February 2005–November 2006

Supplement 1. Visual Basic source code containing the algorithms described in this paper.

<h2>File List</h2><blockquote> <h3><i>All files at once</i></h3> <p><a href="BBridgeCode.zip">BBridgeCode.zip</a> -- zip file containing Visual Basic executable, source code, and example input file.</p> <h3><i>Individual files</i></h3> <p><a href="BrownianBridgeExecutable.exe">BrownianBridgeExecutable.exe</a> – Executable Visual Basic program<br> <a href="ProjBrownianBridge.vbp.txt">ProjBrownianBridge.vbp.txt</a> – Source code for Visual Basic program<br> <a href="ProjBrownianBridge.vbw.txt">ProjBrownianBridge.vbw.txt</a> – Source code for Visual Basic program<br> <a href="FrmBBAnalysis.frm.txt">FrmBBAnalysis.frm.txt</a> – Source code for Visual Basic program<br> <a href="FrmGridExtent.frm.txt">FrmGridExtent.frm.txt</a> – Source code for Visual Basic program<br> <a href="FrmOpenFileBB.frm.txt">FrmOpenFileBB.frm.txt</a> – Source code for Visual Basic program<br> <a href="FrmSaveASBrownBridge.frm.txt">FrmSaveASBrownBridge.txt</a> – Source code for Visual Basic program<br> <a href="Mod1DMinimization.bas.txt">Mod1DMinimization.bas.txt</a> – Source code for Visual Basic program<br> <a href="ModFileManagement.bas.txt">ModFileManagement.bas.txt</a> – Source code for Visual Basic program<br> <a href="ModPublicVariablesBB.bas.txt">ModPublicVariablesBB.bas.txt</a> – Source code for Visual Basic program<br> <a href="ExampleInput.txt">ExampleInput.txt</a>  – Example input file<br> </p> </blockquote><h2>Description</h2><blockquote> <p>BrownianBridgeExeecutable.exe calculates the utilization distribution (i.e., probability function) based on temporally explicit location data. Algorithms are described in the original paper. The user loads a location file containing tab-delimited columns representing the <i>x</i>-coordinate, <i>y</i>-coordinate, and time of each location. The input file should have column headings such as “<i>x</i>-coordinate”, “<i>y</i>-coordinate” and “RunningClock”.  An example input data file, ExampleInput.txt, is available from the file list. Output grid is a text file containing <i>x</i> and <i>y</i> coordinates of the grid along with associated probability-of-occurrence at that grid location.</p> </blockquote

Appendix A. Derivation of Brownian bridge probability distribution when location errors are normally distributed.

Derivation of Brownian bridge probability distribution when location errors are normally distributed

Appendix C. Approximate migration routes of mule deer that had at least one spring and one fall migration recorded.

Approximate migration routes of mule deer that had at least one spring and one fall migration recorded

Supplement 1. R source code for the Brownian bridge movement model (BBMM) that estimates a utilization distribution (UD) for a migration route of a GPS-collared mule deer, as depicted in Fig. 2.

<h2>File List</h2><blockquote> <p><a href="BBMM_supplement.R">BBMM_supplement.R </a> – R source code </p> <p><a href="gps53_spring06.txt ">gps53_spring06.txt </a> – Input file for R code</p> <p><a href="readme.txt">readme.txt</a> – Description of R source code</p> </blockquote><h2>Description</h2><blockquote> <p>The BBMM_supplement.R R program uses the Brownian bridge movement model (BBMM) to estimate a 99% utilization distribution of a mule deer migration route. The gps53_spring06.txt input file contains a sequence of migratory GPS locations collected from Deer#53 during the 2006 spring migration. Additional information is provided in the readme.txt file and the BBMM_supplement.R. R code is commented for further documentation. Equations for the BBMM and the Brownian motion variance are provided in Horne et al. (2007)^a.</p> <p>^a Horne, J. S., E. O. Garton, S. M. Krone, and J. S. Lewis. 2007. Analyzing animal movements using Brownian Bridges. Ecology 88:2354–2363.</p> </blockquote

Appendix A. Migratory GPS locations collected from a sample of 12 adult female mule deer captured in the Dad Winter Range located in the Atlantic Rim Project Area of southwest Wyoming, USA, February 2005–November 2006.

Migratory GPS locations collected from a sample of 12 adult female mule deer captured in the Dad Winter Range located in the Atlantic Rim Project Area of southwest Wyoming, USA, February 2005–November 2006

Years of use of seasonal ranges of the Central Arctic caribou herd in northern Alaska, 2003–2007.

<p>(A) summer ranges. (B) winter ranges. Ranges were modeled as the 90% isopleths of fixed-kernel utilization distributions for each season and year. Shading indicates the number of years each area was used (i.e., number of intersections of the 4 annual ranges modeled for each season).</p

Study area in northern Alaska including the Dalton highway, the Trans-Alaska Pipeline (TAP), major land ownership divisions, and rivers mentioned in text.

<p>Study area in northern Alaska including the Dalton highway, the Trans-Alaska Pipeline (TAP), major land ownership divisions, and rivers mentioned in text.</p

Percent of the total area of summer and winter ranges used during multiple years by caribou of the Central Arctic herd in northern Alaska, 2003–2006.

<p>Total area was the aggregate of 90% fixed kernel UDs estimated for all years (39,966 and 57,457 km² for summer and winter range, respectively).</p

Number of years of use of seasonal migration routes by the Central Arctic caribou herd in northern Alaska, 2003–2007.

<p>(A) spring (B) fall. Each route was defined as the mean of the 95% isopleths of the Brownian Bridge Movement Models of all caribou for each season.</p