Handwritten Character Recognition of South Indian Scripts: A Review

Handwritten character recognition is always a frontier area of research in the field of pattern recognition and image processing and there is a large demand for OCR on hand written documents. Even though, sufficient studies have performed in foreign scripts like Chinese, Japanese and Arabic characters, only a very few work can be traced for handwritten character recognition of Indian scripts especially for the South Indian scripts. This paper provides an overview of offline handwritten character recognition in South Indian Scripts, namely Malayalam, Tamil, Kannada and Telungu.Comment: Paper presented on the "National Conference on Indian Language Computing", Kochi, February 19-20, 2011. 6 pages, 5 figure

The Grass Diversity of Vagamon Hills in Kerala

Grasses contribute tremendously to the earth’s green mantle of vegetation. They are one of the most widely distributed groups of angiosperms with gross morphological complexity. Among flowering plants Gramineae, with their 10,000 species and 620 genera is the fourth largest family of the flowering plants. They owe their importance in the plant kingdom not so much to their multiplicity of species as to their ability to flourish and spread quickly in great areas of low rainfall. Many are cultivated as cereal crops, as ornamentals and as plants of medicinal and industrial importance. Grasslands form an important vegetation type in the high ranges of Western Ghats in the states of Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu, mostly between 1000-2200 m above msl. The species diversity is extremely high in grassland-forest margins that are very frequent in south Indian forest vegetation especially along Nilgiri and Anamalai - High Ranges. The grasslands of South India, especially Vagamon hills are represented as centre of Endemism due to their exceptional bio-diversity. There are 77 species of grasses recognized from the Vagamon hills. Out of the 77 Species of grasses 18 are endemic to Peninsular India. 25 Species of grasses recognized as exotic alien Species in the study area. Also this research has focused on the ecological environment of the study area

Pattern Analysis Techniques for the Recognition of Unconstrained Handwritten Malayalam Character Images

The objective of the study is to develop a hand written character recognition system that could recognisze all the characters in the mordern script of malayalam language at a high recognition rateCochin University of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Computer Applications Cochin University of Science and Technolog

Unconstrained Handwritten Malayalam Character Recognition using Wavelet Transform and Support vector Machine Classifier

This paper presents the application of wavelet processing in the domain of handwritten character recognition. To attain high recognition rate, robust feature extractors and powerful classifiers that are invariant to degree of variability of human writing are needed. The proposed scheme consists of two stages: a feature extraction stage, which is based on Haar wavelet transform and a classification stage that uses support vector machine classifier. Experimental results show that the proposed method is effectiveCochin University of Science and TechnologyProcedia Engineering 30 (2012) 598 – 60

Content Based Image Retrieval System for Malayalam Handwritten Characters

Content Based Image Retrieval is one of the prominent areas in Computer Vision and Image Processing. Recognition of handwritten characters has been a popular area of research for many years and still remains an open problem. The proposed system uses visual image queries for retrieving similar images from database of Malayalam handwritten characters. Local Binary Pattern (LBP) descriptors of the query images are extracted and those features are compared with the features of the images in database for retrieving desired characters. This system with local binary pattern gives excellent retrieval performanceCochin University of Science and TechnologyNeural Computing and Applications Vol 21(7),pp 1757-176

Aqueous and Vitreous Penetration of Linezolid and Levofloxacin After Oral Administration

Purpose: To evaluate the time course of drug concentrations achieved in aqueous (AQ), vitreous (V), and serum (S) compartments after oral administration of linezolid and levofloxacin. Design: Randomized, clinical trial. Methods: Settings: Clinical practice. Patient population: Sixteen patients (16 eyes) undergoing vitrectomy who had not had a prior pars plana vitrectomy in the study eye were randomly assigned to one of 4 groups. Intervention: AQ, V, and S samples were obtained from all subjects after single concomitant doses of linezolid 600mg and levofloxacin 750mg between 1 and 12 h before the procedure: group A - 1-3 h; group B - 3-6 h; group C - 6-9 h; group D - 9-12 h. Main outcome measures: AQ, V, and S concentrations of linezolid and levofloxacin. Results: Overall mean concentrations +/- standard deviation (mu g/mL) achieved by linezolid in AQ, V, and S compartments were 3.32 +/- 2.06, 2.98 +/- 1.87, and 7.91 +/- 3.94, respectively. Overall mean concentrations +/- standard deviation (mu g/mL) achieved by levofloxacin in AQ, V, and S compartments were 2.19 +/- 1.92, 1.95 +/- 1.27, and 7.38 +/- 3.47, respectively. Conclusions: Single concomitant doses of linezolid and levofloxacin achieved AQ and V concentrations above the minimum inhibitory concentration for 90% of common ocular gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens up to 12 h after administration. The combination of linezolid and levofloxacin represents a viable option for the prophylaxis and management of endophthalmitis

Aqueous and Vitreous Penetration of Linezolid and Levofloxacin After Oral Administration

Purpose: To evaluate the time course of drug concentrations achieved in aqueous (AQ), vitreous (V), and serum (S) compartments after oral administration of linezolid and levofloxacin. Design: Randomized, clinical trial. Methods: Settings: Clinical practice. Patient population: Sixteen patients (16 eyes) undergoing vitrectomy who had not had a prior pars plana vitrectomy in the study eye were randomly assigned to one of 4 groups. Intervention: AQ, V, and S samples were obtained from all subjects after single concomitant doses of linezolid 600mg and levofloxacin 750mg between 1 and 12 h before the procedure: group A - 1-3 h; group B - 3-6 h; group C - 6-9 h; group D - 9-12 h. Main outcome measures: AQ, V, and S concentrations of linezolid and levofloxacin. Results: Overall mean concentrations +/- standard deviation (mu g/mL) achieved by linezolid in AQ, V, and S compartments were 3.32 +/- 2.06, 2.98 +/- 1.87, and 7.91 +/- 3.94, respectively. Overall mean concentrations +/- standard deviation (mu g/mL) achieved by levofloxacin in AQ, V, and S compartments were 2.19 +/- 1.92, 1.95 +/- 1.27, and 7.38 +/- 3.47, respectively. Conclusions: Single concomitant doses of linezolid and levofloxacin achieved AQ and V concentrations above the minimum inhibitory concentration for 90% of common ocular gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens up to 12 h after administration. The combination of linezolid and levofloxacin represents a viable option for the prophylaxis and management of endophthalmitis