4,030 research outputs found
Playing a quantum game with a corrupted source
The quantum advantage arising in a simplified multi-player quantum game, is
found to be a disadvantage when the game's qubit-source is corrupted by a noisy
"demon". Above a critical value of the corruption-rate, or noise-level, the
coherent quantum effects impede the players to such an extent that the optimal
choice of game changes from quantum to classical.Comment: This version will appear in PRA (Rapid Comm.
Multi-Agent Complex Systems and Many-Body Physics
Multi-agent complex systems comprising populations of decision-making
particles, have many potential applications across the biological,
informational and social sciences. We show that the time-averaged dynamics in
such systems bear a striking resemblance to conventional many-body physics. For
the specific example of the Minority Game, this analogy enables us to obtain
analytic expressions which are in excellent agreement with numerical
simulations.Comment: Accepted for publication in Europhysics Letter
Surgical Sterilization, Regret, and Race: Contemporary Patterns
Surgical sterilization is a relatively permanent form of contraception that has been disproportionately used by Black, Hispanic, and Native American women in the United States in the past. We use a nationally representative sample of 4,609 women ages 25 to 45 to determine whether sterilization continues to be more common and consequential by race for reproductive-age women. Results indicate that Native American and Black women are more likely to be sterilized than non-Hispanic White women, and Hispanic and Native American women are more likely than non-Hispanic White women to report that their sterilization surgeries prevent them from conceiving children they want. Reasons for sterilization differ significantly by race. These findings suggest that stratified reproduction has not ended in the United States and that the patterns and consequences of sterilization continue to vary by race
Fertility and Infertility: Toward an Integrative Research Agenda
In this article, we show that social science research on fertility and infertility consists of largely separate research traditions, despite shared interest in pregnancies and births (or lack thereof). We describe four ways these two traditions differ: (1) publication trajectories and outlets, (2) fields of study and major theoretical frameworks, (3) degree of attention to the other topic, and (4) language and definitions used. We then discuss why future integration of these bodies of research would be beneficial, outline potential steps toward rapprochement, and provide common areas of dialogue that could facilitate and enrich these bodies of research. We offer a more holistic framework using the reproductive career as an extension of existing lifecourse approaches in both fertility and infertility research. We conclude with a brief empirical example and discussion of methodological issues for measuring and modeling reproductive careers
âJust because a doctor says something, doesnât mean that [it] will happenâ: Self-perception as having a Fertility Problem among Infertility Patients
Only some individuals who have the medically defined condition âinfertilityâ adopt a self-definition as having a fertility problem, which has implications for social and behavioral responses, yet there is no clear consensus on why some people and not others adopt a medical label. We use interview data from 28 women and men who sought medical infertility treatment to understand variations in self-identification. Results highlight the importance of identity disruption for understanding the dialectical relationship between medical contact and self-identification, as well as how diagnosis acts both as a category and a process. Simultaneously integrating new medical knowledge from testing and treatment with previous fertility self-perceptions created difficulty for settling on an infertility self-perception. Four response categories emerged for adopting a self-perception of having a fertility problem: (i) the non-adopters â never adopting the self-perception pre- or post-medical contact; (ii) uncertain â not being fully committed to the self-perception pre- or post-medical contact; (iii) assuming the label â not having prior fertility concerns but adopting the self-perception post-medical contact; and (iv) solidifying a tentative identity â not being fully committed to a self-perception pre-medical contact, but fully committed post-medical contact
Surgical Sterilization, Regret, and Race: Contemporary Patterns
Surgical sterilization is a relatively permanent form of contraception that has been disproportionately used by Black, Hispanic, and Native American women in the United States in the past. We use a nationally representative sample of 4,609 women ages 25 to 45 to determine whether sterilization continues to be more common and consequential by race for reproductive-age women. Results indicate that Native American and Black women are more likely to be sterilized than non-Hispanic White women, and Hispanic and Native American women are more likely than non-Hispanic White women to report that their sterilization surgeries prevent them from conceiving children they want. Reasons for sterilization differ significantly by race. These findings suggest that stratified reproduction has not ended in the United States and that the patterns and consequences of sterilization continue to vary by race
Predictability of large future changes in a competitive evolving population
The dynamical evolution of many economic, sociological, biological and
physical systems tends to be dominated by a relatively small number of
unexpected, large changes (`extreme events'). We study the large, internal
changes produced in a generic multi-agent population competing for a limited
resource, and find that the level of predictability actually increases prior to
a large change. These large changes hence arise as a predictable consequence of
information encoded in the system's global state.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figure
Electron transport in La100-xAlx metallic glasses
Values of the electrical resistivity, temperature coefficient of resistivity, thermopower, and superconducting transition temperature for a series of La100-xAlx metallic glasses prepared both as "splat-cooled" foils and "melt-spun" ribbons are reported. Differences between the two types of samples are discussed. We argue that the dominant contribution to the conductivity and thermopower is from La d states
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