Additional file 4: of Working conditions and tuberculosis mortality in England and Wales, 1890–1912: a retrospective analysis of routinely collected data

Random effects analysis overall and by tertile of denominator. (DOC 3 kb

Additional file 1: of Working conditions and tuberculosis mortality in England and Wales, 1890–1912: a retrospective analysis of routinely collected data

Occupations and TB mortality Supplement. (DOCX 60 kb

Additional file 2: of Working conditions and tuberculosis mortality in England and Wales, 1890–1912: a retrospective analysis of routinely collected data

E&W historical TB mortality data. (CSV 191 kb

Shared Genetic Factors Involved in Celiac Disease, Type 2 Diabetes and Anorexia Nervosa Suggest Common Molecular Pathways for Chronic Diseases

<div><p>Background and Objectives</p><p>Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several genetic regions involved in immune-regulatory mechanisms to be associated with celiac disease. Previous GWAS also revealed an over-representation of genes involved in type 2 diabetes and anorexia nervosa associated with celiac disease, suggesting involvement of common metabolic pathways for development of these chronic diseases. The aim of this study was to extend these previous analyses to study the gene expression in the gut from children with active celiac disease.</p><p>Material and Methods</p><p>Thirty six target genes involved in type 2 diabetes and four genes associated with anorexia nervosa were investigated for gene expression in small intestinal biopsies from 144 children with celiac disease at median (range) age of 7.4 years (1.6–17.8) and from 154 disease controls at a median (range) age 11.4.years (1.4–18.3).</p><p>Results</p><p>A total of eleven of genes were differently expressed in celiac patients compared with disease controls of which <i>CD36</i>, <i>CD38</i>, <i>FOXP1</i>, <i>SELL</i>, <i>PPARA</i>, <i>PPARG</i>, <i>AGT</i> previously associated with type 2 diabetes and <i>AKAP6</i>, <i>NTNG1</i> with anorexia nervosa remained significant after correction for multiple testing.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>Shared genetic factors involved in celiac disease, type 2 diabetes and anorexia nervosa suggest common underlying molecular pathways for these diseases.</p></div

Results from the main gene expression analysis.

<p>The Delta-Delta C_T (ΔΔC_T) relative quantification method was used to estimate mRNA levels of target genes relative to a reference gene (<i>IPO8</i>) in the small intestinal biopsies from patients with celiac disease and compared with controls. A total of 144 cases and 154 control samples were analyzed. The p-value is calculated using the independent samples t-test for equality of means (equal variances assumed).</p

Nine target genes showing significant difference in gene expression between celiac disease (CD) patients and control patients.

<p>The y-axis shows the fold change gene expression and the mean expression in control patients is set to one.</p