Rural Credit Cooperatives RCCs Financial System and Role in Economic Development of China

This paper reviews and study of RCCs financial system and role in economic development of China. RRCs are important reforms of china. It improves the performance consistently every year and constituted about 12.3 % all financial loans in China. Rural Credit Cooperatives Development in China constituted an integral and important part of rural reforms in China. Keywords: Rural Credit Cooperatives, Financial system, Economic development, Reform

Machine-Learning-Coined Noise Induces Energy-Saving Synchrony

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Significance of Agricultural Finance in Agricultural and Rural Development of Pakistan “A Case Study of Qambar Shahdadkot District”

The purpose of this study is to investigate the significance of agricultural finance on agricultural and rural development of Pakistan. The study was based on primary data; the data was collected from Borrowers and Non Borrowers of agricultural finance from district Qambar shahdadkot, Sindh Province of Pakistan. Borrowers of agricultural finance include formal and non formal sources of finance. The results shows that the total revenue of Agricultural Finance borrowers was 76000 rupees while the non borrowers agricultural revenue was 61750 rupees and the variable cost for agricultural finance borrowers was a little bit high then non borrowers as 41652 and 34342 rupees respectively, it was because of availability of capital, the farmers who borrowing agricultural finance and providing inputs on time and in proper were getting better production. Most of the farmers agreed that agricultural finance was helpfull for improving living standard useful for household and rural development; it facilitates farmers in use of agricultural inputs on time and getting best agricultural production. Keywords: Agricultural Finance, rural development, Borrowers and Non Borrowers, total revenue, total cost, Variable costs, capital

An econometric analysis of major Chinese food crops: An empirical study

The basic objective of this study was to investigate and explore the relationship between major food crops of China and their relationship with agricultural gross domestic product (GDP) using an econometric analysis. Agriculture is considered an important sector of the Chinese economy as it accounted for about 10% of GDP. The total agricultural land of China covers 36% of the area of the world. In order to highlight the actual performance of the agricultural production and the output of major food crops, this study explored the relationship between agricultural GDP and the major crops output including wheat, cotton, rice, sugarcane, corn, and tubers in China over the period of 35 years from 1980 to 2015. The time series data were collected from the China Bureau of Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture China and various publications. Crop data were analyzed using the Ordinary Least Square Method and Augmented Dickey Fuller test and results were interpreted using the Johansen co-integration test. Our study found that output of wheat, cotton, sugarcane, corn, and tubers has positive and significant relation with the agricultural gross domestic product of China, while the output of rice crop has a negative but no significant relation with agricultural GDP of China. The study suggests that the Government of China should start new funding schemes for the development and better production of rice crops

The province-wise literacy rate in Pakistan and its impact on the economy

AbstractThe basic objective of this paper is to determine and analyse the province-wise literacy rate in Pakistan and its impact on the economy. Pakistan belongs to those nations who have the world's worst literacy rate, which is the main reason for its slow agricultural growth and sluggish economy. In this study, we will examine Pakistan's literacy rate province-wise and its comparison with some other Asian countries: India, Bangladesh, Nepal and Bhutan. Pakistan has ignored education, which is the most vital element for the success and development of any nation; this has resulted in one of the lowest literacy rate in world: Pakistan's literacy rate is ranked 113 in a total of 120 countries. This is a huge issue for the country and its economic development, as well as a shameful and alarming state of affairs. Without attention and improvements to the education sector, Pakistan is predestined to face even greater problems. In this paper, we will also focus specifically on the current literacy rates of Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan

Is credit the devil in the agriculture? The role of credit in Pakistan's agricultural sector

The aim of this study was to use an econometric analysis to investigate the relationship between the agricultural gross domestic product (AGDP) and variables, such as total food production, cropped area, loan disbursed by ZTBL, cooperative loan and total loan disbursed by various institutions in Pakistan. Data were explored from 1960 to 2015; we used time series data collected from secondary sources, including the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, Statistical Year Books and the Economic Survey of Pakistan. Data were analysed using the Phillips–Perron (P–P) test, and the results were interpreted using the Johansen Co-integration test. We found that total food production, loan disbursed by ZTBL and the total loan disbursed by various institutions had a positive and significant influence on the AGDP, whereas cropped area and cooperatives loan had a negative but insignificant influence on the AGDP. Based on our results, we suggest that the Government of Pakistan formulate and initiate new policies and funding schemes for the development and improvement of the agricultural sector

The impact of urban integration on the intention of settlement and residence among migrants: The empirical evidence from China

Promoting urban integration is the key to improving the efficiency of labor allocation in developing countries and promoting coordinated regional development. Using the data of the migrants' observation sample in 2012–2017 released by China Migrants Dynamic Survey, this paper draws on theories related to urban integration and labor migration to study the urban integration status, intention of settlement and residence in China's agricultural household labor force in depth, as well as the correlation between the two. The study finds a significant decline in the intention of settlement and a gradual increase in the intention of residence among the migrants. The empirical regressions suggest that good urban integration, especially psychological integration, mainly contributes to their intention of settlement and residence, while the intention of residence is also more influenced by the social and economic integration dimensions. The mediating effect tests reveal that income level and housing stability are key pathways to economic integration, public medical participation and accessibility to medical services are key pathways to health integration, social status and local attachment are key pathways to social integration, and identity affiliation and psychological assimilation are key pathways to psychological integration. Future urbanization in developing countries requires not only further reform of the household registration system but also government, business, and social organizations at all levels to reduce the difficulties of urban integration in economic, health, social, and psychological aspects, enhance the degree of urban integration of the migrants, increase the intention of the migrants to settle and stay in different places and avoid the ''migratory bird'' migration of labor between regions. The ''migratory bird'' migration between regions is avoided

Economic outlook of rice crops in Pakistan: a time series analysis (1970–2015)

Abstract Background The basic objective of this study was to examine the relationship between the rice output, its production area, water availability, and agricultural gross domestic product (GDP) of Pakistan. Annual time series data for 1970–2015 were collected from the National Food Security and Research, Economic Survey of Pakistan, and Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (various publications). Methods Rice crop data were analyzed using the ordinary least square method and the augmented Dickey–Fuller test. Were interpreted using the Johansen cointegration test. Results Our study revealed the existence of a long-standing relationship between rice output, its production area, and water availability with the agricultural GDP of Pakistan. Regression results indicate that rice output and cultivated area have a significant and positive relationship with agricultural GDP, while water availability has a negative relationship. Conclusions The study suggests that the government of Pakistan should design new policies and funding schemes for developing and improving water availability