The role of microbiota in the development and treatment of gastric cancer

The stomach was once considered a sterile organ until the discovery of Helicobacter pylori (HP). With the application of high-throughput sequencing technology and macrogenomics, researchers have identified fungi and fivemajor bacterial phyla within the stomachs of healthy individuals. These microbial communities exert regulatory influence over various physiological functions, including energy metabolism and immune responses. HP is a well-recognized risk factor for gastric cancer, significantly altering the stomach’s native microecology. Currently, numerous studies are centered on the mechanisms by which HP contributes to gastric cancer development, primarily involving the CagA oncoprotein. However, aside from exogenous infections such as HP and EBV, certain endogenous dysbiosis can also lead to gastric cancer through multiple mechanisms. Additionally, gut microbiota and its metabolites significantly impact the development of gastric cancer. The role of microbial therapies, including diet, phages, probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation, in treating gastric cancer should not be underestimated. This review aims to study the mechanisms involved in the roles of exogenous pathogen infection and endogenous microbiota dysbiosis in the development of gastric cancer. Also, we describe the application of microbiota therapy in the treatment and prognosis of gastric cancer

Dosing: The key to precision plasma oncology

Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is an emerging oncotherapeutic approach with selectivity for cancer cells. It can induce different cell survival and death programs depending on the CAP dose, and it can function as a neo or adjuvant therapy against cancer. Establishing an evaluation system for precise CAP dosing is the key to make plasma therapy act alone or in combination with other therapeutic modalities for achieving desirable treatment responses. By classifying CAP-induced effects and associating them with the dosing of plasma-reactive agents, we identify opportunities for CAP to contribute to precision oncotherapy and discuss challenges en route to clinical applications. We emphasize the importance of dosing in plasma medicine and encourage cross-disciplinary collaborations to develop suitable dosing metrics.</p

Effect of Zn/Al Layered Double Hydroxide Containing 2-Hydroxy-4-n-octoxy-benzophenone on UV Aging Resistance of Asphalt

UV radiation is a main factor to reduce the service life of asphalt pavement due to the UV aging of asphalt binder. To obtain enhanced UV aging resistance, an organic UV absorber called 2-hydroxy-4-n-octoxy-benzophenone (HNOB) had been intercalated into an inorganic UV absorber called Zn/Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) to play a combined anti-UV role in asphalt binder. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that HNOB anions have been intercalated into the interlayer galleries of Zn/Al-LDH containing HNOB anions (Zn/Al-HNOB−-LDH). X-ray diffraction results of Zn/Al-LDH containing CO32− anions (Zn/Al-CO32--LDH) and Zn/Al-CO32--LDH/styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) modified asphalt disclosed that asphalt molecules entered into LDH interlayer galleries to form an expanded phase structure. UV-Vis absorbance patterns showed that Zn/Al-HNOB−-LDH has a better capacity of blocking UV light due to the synergetic effect of HNOB and Zn/Al-LDH. The chemical fractions analysis, conventional physical tests, and rheological tests of SBS modified asphalt, Zn/Al-CO32--LDH/SBS modified asphalt, and Zn/Al-HNOB−-LDH/SBS modified asphalt before and after UV aging testified that Zn/Al-HNOB−-LDH can improve the UV aging resistance of SBS modified asphalt more significantly

Calcined Mg-Fe layered double hydroxide as an absorber for the removal of methyl orange

In this work, methyl orange (MO) was effectively removed from aqueous solution with the calcined product of hydrothermal synthesized Mg/Fe layered double hydroxide (Mg/Fe-LDH). The structure, composition, morphology and textural properties of the Mg/Fe-LDH before and after adsorption were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption apparatus and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was confirmed that MO had been absorbed by calcined Mg/Fe-LDH which had strong interactions with MO. The adsorption of MO onto the Mg/Fe-LDH was systematically investigated by batch tests. The adsorption capacity of the Mg/Fe-LDH toward MO was found to be 194.9 mg • g−1. Adsorption kinetics and isotherm studies revealed that the adsorption of MO onto Mg/Fe-LDH was a spontaneous and endothermic process. These results indicate that Mg/Fe-LDH is a promising material for the removal of MO

Evaluation and Validation of Tumor-Associated Antigen p53 as Biomarker in Liver and Lung Cancer

During cellular stress, p53 can slow down cell cycle progression, allowing DNA to either be repaired or lead to cell apoptosis. In human cancer, the most common changes in p53 are missense point mutations within the coding sequences of p53 gene. These point mutations can alter a protein’s functions and increase their stability. Antibodies to p53 have been found in many types of human cancer. The aim of this project is to evaluate and validate whether p53 and its antibody can be used as a biomarker for liver and lung cancer. First, expression and induction of p53 was done. Purification of p53 was then performed using nickel column chromatography. A SDS-PAGE gel was then used to test the quality of the purified p53. Lastly, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blotting were used in order to test the reactivity of p53 in sera from patients with lung cancer and liver cancer, as well as sera from normal individuals. We hypothesize that p53 will be a biomarker for both liver and lung cancer. If so, p53 can be used in early detection of both liver and lung cancer

Performance of a Stirling-Type Pulse Tube Cooler for High Efficiency Operation at 100 Hz.

Presented at the 16th International Cryocooler Conference, held May 17-20, 2008 in Atlanta, Georgia.High efficiency pulse tube coolers driven by linear compressors usually operate between 30 Hz and 60 Hz. This article presents the performance of a high efficiency in-line PTC with an operating frequency of 100 Hz. The theoretical model of a PTC is based on thermoacoustic theory. Analytical results indicate that the PTC operating at 100 Hz could obtain a high efficiency with appropriate parameters. To couple the PTC, the parameters of linear compressor are optimized using compressor governing equations. Experimental results show that a no-load temperature of 31.8 K and a cooling power of 12.4 W at 77 K are obtained with an input electric power of 185.2 W