Changes in alpha diversity values among different groups.

<p>Changes in alpha diversity values among different groups.</p

Table_1_EREG is a risk factor for the prognosis of patients with cervical cancer.DOCX

BackgroundCervical cancer continues to threaten women's health worldwide. Identifying critical oncogenic molecules is important to drug development and prognosis prediction for patients with cervical cancer. Recent studies have demonstrated that epiregulin (EREG) is upregulated in various cancer types, which contributes to cancer progression by triggering the EGFR signaling pathway. However, the role of EREG is still unclear.MethodsIn this study, we first conducted a comprehensive biological analysis to investigate the expression of EREG in cervical cancer. Then, we investigated the correlations between EREG expression level and clinicopathological features. In addition, we validated the effects of EREG expression on the proliferation and apoptosis of cervical cancer cells.ResultsBased on the public database, we found that the expression of EREG was higher in advanced cervical cancer samples. Survival analysis showed that EREG was a risk factor for the prognosis of cervical cancer. In vitro experiments demonstrated that EREG knockdown undermined proliferation and promoted apoptosis in cancer cells.ConclusionEREG plays a vital role in the progression of cervical cancer, which contributes to hyperactive cell proliferation and decreased cell apoptosis. It might be a valuable target for prognosis prediction and drug development for cervical cancer in the future.</p

Lower Methane Emissions from Yak Compared with Cattle in Rusitec Fermenters

<div><p>Globally methane (CH₄) emissions from ruminant livestock account for 29% of total CH₄ emissions. Inherited variation about CH₄ emissions of different animal species might provide new opportunity for manipulating CH₄ production. Six rumen-simulating fermenters (Rusitec) were set up for this study lasting for 16 d. The diet consisted of forage to concentrate ratio of 50:50 with barley straw as the forage. Treated vessels were supplied with rumen fluid from yak or cattle (3 vessels per animal species). Microbial growth was measured using ¹⁵N as a marker. The microbial community structure from liquid- and solid-fraction of each vessel was determined based on the 16S rRNA genes targeting both bacteria and archaea with MiSeq platform. CH₄ yield was lower when the inoculum used from yak than that from cattle (0.26 and 0.33 mmol CH₄/g dry matter intake, respectively). Lower H₂ production was observed in Rusitec fermenters with rumen fluid from yak compare with that from cattle (0.28 and 0.86 mmol/d, respectively). The apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fiber, the isovalerate percentage with respect to the total amount of volatile fatty acids, the hydrogen recovery, and the proportion of liquid-associated microbial nitrogen derived from ammonia-nitrogen were higher in Rusitec fermenters incubated with rumen fluid from cattle than that from yak. The relative abundances of methanogens were no difference between two animal species. We hypothesize that more H₂ production contributes to the higher methane emissions in cattle compare with yak.</p></div

Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) of the microbiota community based on UnWeighted Unifrac distance.

<p>Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) of the microbiota community based on UnWeighted Unifrac distance.</p

Predicted KEGG functions count significantly different (<i>P</i> < 0.05) between cattle and yak of rumen solid.

<p>The size of the dot represents the value of the function genes, the higher value of the function genes number, the bigger size of the dot. The P value was modified by p.adjust value. The predicted data was generated by PICRUSt, the analysis and figure were conducted by R (3. 2. 3).</p

Image_1_EREG is a risk factor for the prognosis of patients with cervical cancer.TIF

BackgroundCervical cancer continues to threaten women's health worldwide. Identifying critical oncogenic molecules is important to drug development and prognosis prediction for patients with cervical cancer. Recent studies have demonstrated that epiregulin (EREG) is upregulated in various cancer types, which contributes to cancer progression by triggering the EGFR signaling pathway. However, the role of EREG is still unclear.MethodsIn this study, we first conducted a comprehensive biological analysis to investigate the expression of EREG in cervical cancer. Then, we investigated the correlations between EREG expression level and clinicopathological features. In addition, we validated the effects of EREG expression on the proliferation and apoptosis of cervical cancer cells.ResultsBased on the public database, we found that the expression of EREG was higher in advanced cervical cancer samples. Survival analysis showed that EREG was a risk factor for the prognosis of cervical cancer. In vitro experiments demonstrated that EREG knockdown undermined proliferation and promoted apoptosis in cancer cells.ConclusionEREG plays a vital role in the progression of cervical cancer, which contributes to hyperactive cell proliferation and decreased cell apoptosis. It might be a valuable target for prognosis prediction and drug development for cervical cancer in the future.</p

The impact of different fractions in Rusitec fermenters on the microbiota composition.

<p>The impact of different fractions in Rusitec fermenters on the microbiota composition.</p

OTUs counts significantly different (<i>P</i> < 0.05) between cattle and yak of rumen solid.

<p>The size of the dot represents the value of the OTU, the higher value of the OTU number, the bigger size of the dot. The P value was modified by p.adjust value.</p

Effect of animal species on the level of the pH and amount of apparent disappearance under same low nitrogen diet in Rusitec fermenters.

<p>Effect of animal species on the level of the pH and amount of apparent disappearance under same low nitrogen diet in Rusitec fermenters.</p

CH₄ production and volatile fatty acids (VFA) in Rusitec fermenters (means for the whole experimental period).

<p>CH₄ production and volatile fatty acids (VFA) in Rusitec fermenters (means for the whole experimental period).</p