Facet-Selective Epitaxial Growth of δ‑Bi₂O₃ on ZnO Nanowires

Integration of ZnO nanowires with Bi₂O₃ coating layers can modify their physicochemical properties and efficiently improve the performance of the resulting nanostructured composites for specific applications. The interfacial structures often control the properties of such nanocomposite systems. We report a novel approach to achieving selective epitaxial growth of δ-Bi₂O₃ layers onto the {11–20} nanoscale facets of ZnO nanowires. By detailed atomic scale characterization of the surfaces and interfaces of the Bi₂O₃/ZnO nanocomposites we proposed that growth of the δ-Bi₂O₃ species on ZnO {11–20} surfaces follows the Stranski–Krastanov mechanism with an epitaxial relationship of ZnO [10–10] (11–20)∥δ-Bi₂O₃ [001] (100). An atomic model is proposed to explain the epitaxial relationship, the interfacial atomic structure, and the facet-selective growth

Oncogenic c-terminal cyclin D1 (<i>CCND1</i>) mutations are enriched in endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinomas

<div><p>Cyclin D1 (<i>CCND1</i>) is a core cell cycle regulator and is frequently overexpressed in human cancers, often via amplification, translocation or post-transcription regulation. Accumulating evidence suggests that mutations of the <i>CCND1</i> gene that result in nuclear retention and constitutive activation of CDK4/6 kinases are oncogenic drivers in cancer. However, the spectrum of <i>CCND1</i> mutations across human cancers has not been systematically investigated. Here, we retrospectively mined whole-exome sequencing data from 124 published studies representing up to 29,432 cases from diverse cancer types and sites of origin, including carcinoma, melanoma, sarcoma and lymphoma/leukemia, via online tools to determine the frequency and spectrum of <i>CCND1</i> mutations in human cancers and their associated clinico-pathological characteristics. Overall, in contrast to gene amplification, which occurred at a frequency of 4.8% (1,419 of 28,769 cases), <i>CCND1</i> mutations were of very low frequency (0.5%, 151 of 29,432 cases) across all cancers, but were predominantly enriched in uterine endometrioid-type adenocarcinoma (6.5%, 30 of 458 cases) in both primary tumors and in advanced, metastatic endometrial cancer samples. <i>CCND1</i> mutations in endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma occurred most commonly in the c-terminus of cyclin D1, as putative driver mutations, in a region thought to result in oncogenic activation of cyclin D1 via inhibition of Thr-286 phosphorylation and nuclear export, thereby resulting in nuclear retention and protein overexpression. Our findings implicate oncogenic c-terminal mutations of <i>CCND1</i> in the pathogenesis of a subset of human cancers and provide a key resource to guide future preclinical and clinical investigations.</p></div

<i>CCND1</i> mutations in advanced or metastatic endometrial carcinomas of the MSK-IMPACT cohort (n = 15) with corresponding patient clinico-pathological characteristics and <i>CCND1</i> mutation effect.

<p><i>CCND1</i> mutations in advanced or metastatic endometrial carcinomas of the MSK-IMPACT cohort (n = 15) with corresponding patient clinico-pathological characteristics and <i>CCND1</i> mutation effect.</p

C-terminal <i>CCND1</i> mutations across other non-endometrial carcinoma and non-mantle cell lymphoma cancer types.

<p>C-terminal <i>CCND1</i> mutations across other non-endometrial carcinoma and non-mantle cell lymphoma cancer types.</p

Exome studies containing <i>CCND1</i> mutations with respective cancer type and <i>CCND1</i> mutation frequency.

<p>Exome studies containing <i>CCND1</i> mutations with respective cancer type and <i>CCND1</i> mutation frequency.</p

Exome studies containing <i>CCND1</i> amplification with respective cancer type and <i>CCND1</i> amplification frequency.

<p>Exome studies containing <i>CCND1</i> amplification with respective cancer type and <i>CCND1</i> amplification frequency.</p

Diagrams of <i>CCND1</i> mutations.

<p>Across all human cancers analyzed (A), or specifically in the mantle cell lymphoma cohort (B), in the primary endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma TCGA cohort (C), and in the advanced or metastatic endometrial carcinoma MSK-IMPACT cohort (D).</p

Binding Isotherms and Time Courses Readily from Magnetic Resonance

Evidence is presented that binding isotherms, simple or biphasic, can be extracted directly from noninterpreted, complex 2D NMR spectra using principal component analysis (PCA) to reveal the largest trend(s) across the series. This approach renders peak picking unnecessary for tracking population changes. In 1:1 binding, the first principal component captures the binding isotherm from NMR-detected titrations in fast, slow, and even intermediate and mixed exchange regimes, as illustrated for phospholigand associations with proteins. Although the sigmoidal shifts and line broadening of intermediate exchange distorts binding isotherms constructed conventionally, applying PCA directly to these spectra along with Pareto scaling overcomes the distortion. Applying PCA to time-domain NMR data also yields binding isotherms from titrations in fast or slow exchange. The algorithm readily extracts from magnetic resonance imaging movie time courses such as breathing and heart rate in chest imaging. Similarly, two-step binding processes detected by NMR are easily captured by principal components 1 and 2. PCA obviates the customary focus on specific peaks or regions of images. Applying it directly to a series of complex data will easily delineate binding isotherms, equilibrium shifts, and time courses of reactions or fluctuations

Table_1_Psychodynamic profiles of major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder in China.docx

Traditional clinical diagnoses relying on symptoms may overlook latent factors that illuminate mechanisms and potentially guide treatment. The Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnosis (OPD) system may compensate for symptom-based diagnosis by measuring psychodynamic profiles underlying mental disorders through conflicts and structure axes. However, OPD has not been widely adopted in China, and it remains unclear whether OPD can be used as an effective approach to distinguish between depression and anxiety. The current study aims to adopt the OPD system to investigate the psychodynamic profiles of major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in China, targeting patients with “pure” symptoms without comorbidity. We recruited 42 MDD patients, 32 GAD patients, and 31 healthy controls (HC), and assessed their self-report depression and anxiety symptoms, along with their underlying psychodynamic profiles through OPD interviews. Overall, both MDD and GAD patients showed more prominent conflict issues and lower levels of structure than HC. The MDD and GAD groups yielded different conflict profiles and conflict processing modes when processing their second conflicts. Importantly, the multi-dimensional psychodynamic profiles achieved machine learning classification of clinical groups with an accuracy of 0.84, supporting successful distinction of MDD and GAD patients. In conclusion, the OPD demonstrated sensitivity in revealing distinct psychodynamic profiles underlying “pure” depression and anxiety clinical populations in China. This work calls for future incorporation of OPD as a tool to investigate psychodynamic formulations underlying mental disorders, compensating for traditional symptom-based diagnostic approaches to guide precise individualized interventions.</p

Upgrading of Bio-Oil Aqueous Fraction by Dual-Stage Hydrotreating–Cocracking with Methanol

Upgrading of the bio-oil aqueous fraction (BAF) for liquid hydrocarbon production was studied in this work. Hydrotreating pretreatment and methanol cocracking were combined as a dual-stage hydrotreating–cocracking process to overcome the severe coking problem caused by the hydrogen-lacking property of BAF. The influences of hydrotreating temperature, reaction pressure, and BAF/methanol ratio in feedstock were investigated. It was found that the hydrogenation efficiencies of phenols in BAF were elevated with increases in hydrotreating temperature and reaction pressure, which were important for maintaining cracking catalyst activity. However, a too high hydrotreating temperature significantly enhanced the gasification reaction and led to reduction in the final liquid hydrocarbon yield. Meanwhile, an excessively high BAF/methanol ratio obviously accelerated the deactivation of the cracking catalyst. The comparison of different cracking processes showed that dual-stage hydrotreating–cocracking was the most superior in stable liquid hydrocarbon generation. Finally, the reaction mechanism was proposed based on experimental results