American Lobster Settlement Index Update 2012

In a year that might be remembered as the one that brought climate change close to home for the lobster industry, lobster larvae in 2012 continued to settle mostly in the patterns we\u27ve seen before. The ocean heat wave that broke all the records and triggered an early shedder season does not seem to have had a corresponding positive effect on lobster settlement. Once again Maine\u27s lobster fishery boasted another year of historically high lobster landings, just as southern New England lobstermen still struggle with how to manage the fishery in a world of shell disease and dwindling recruitment. This issue of the Update summarizes the regional time trends in the settlement index and examines the first steps we\u27re taking in evaluating ALSI as an early warning system for the fishery

Cooperative Fisheries Research in New England: Participant Perceptions

Cooperative research, scientists and fishermen collaborating in scientific research, is an integral part of ensuring stakeholder involvement in fisheries management by linking and utilizing the knowledge of science and industry. By bringing science and industry together, cooperative research aims to improve trust, communication and the credibility and legitimacy of science and management. With a recent increase of interest in stakeholder involvement in management decisions and with the continued importance of successful relationships between science and industry, it is essential that we better understand the perceptions of cooperative research participants and the roles boundary-spanners play in these processes. I examined the perceptions of industry and science cooperative research participants in the cooperative research process concerning (1) the importance and achievement of cooperative research goals and (2) the importance and frequency of involvement of fishermen in certain steps in the process. Additionally, I identified and characterized fishermen and scientist individuals perceived as boundary spanners in the cooperative research process. Based on comparisons of survey responses of agreement concerning the importance and the achievement of cooperative research goals and the involvement of fishermen in the research process, significant differences were found between the perceptions and attitudes of fishermen and scientist participants. However, both industry and science participants generally agree the goals providing indirect benefits of participating in cooperative research are being achieved, such as improved communication and the building of trust, respect and mutual understanding between fishermen and scientists, but view those goals that are direct benefits, such as improved fisheries management, as not being achieved. Within cooperative research, certain individuals are perceived as leaders in cooperative research who play a key role in communicating, reducing conflict, improving trust and translating between science and industry. These boundary-spanners are believed to be vital in exchanging knowledge successfully in cooperative research and in promoting the usefulness and importance of cooperative research. Interviews with individuals identified as leaders in cooperative research provided data for characterizing and identifying individuals as boundary spanners in the cooperative research process. Generally, individuals identified as boundary spanners have all been working with fishermen and/or scientists for extended periods of time and these individuals possess personal characteristics, such as enthusiastic attitudes, leadership skills and networking skills that allow them to fulfill their boundary spanner role across industry and scientific boundaries. Understanding the perceptions of participants in the cooperative research process will help to identify areas for improvements to the process and understand the roles of fishermen and scientists in that process. In addition, identifying boundary spanners helps to understand the roles these individuals play in working across the science-fishery boundary and perpetuating cooperative research

Interannual and Seasonal Variability of Calanus Finmarchicus Lipids in the Gulf of Maine

Members of the Calanus genus play a key role in pelagic food webs in the northern and Arctic seas, making up a large portion of the biomass and serving as the apex herbivore in many of these areas. I used video analysis of live Calanus finmarchicus individuals to document the annual and interannual variability in the size, lipid amounts, abundance and energy density of C. finmarchicus at a near-shore site in the Gulf of Maine. This study has identified previously undocumented significant differences in annual and interannual sizes, lipid amounts, abundances and energy densities of C. finmarchicus from 2009-2011 in the Gulf of Maine. By documenting this seasonal and interannual variability, I identified significant differences in the seasonal availabilities of lipids for consumption by higher-level foragers, such as herring and Right whales, from year to year. I also developed length-weight relationships based on dry weights for individuals from different seasons, also data that was previously unavailable for this important zooplankter. A better understanding of the seasonal fluctuations in near-shore populations of C. finmarchicus abundance and lipids is necessary to understand effects on higher trophic levels in the Gulf of Maine and the way these populations interact