Coating Effect Condition on the Corrosion Properties of Mild Steel Substrate

Corrosion is a one of problem encountered in steel industry and there are much of prevention and solution ideas applied and proposed by researches and engineers in order to avoid this problem from occurring in the future. In this research, the corrosion prevention of the mild steel is through the treatment process by the tin electroplating process. The trial and prepared specimens are addressed to the before and after corroded forms in which the surface testing is carried out through several processes such electroplating, electroplating process with various coating parameters, determination of thickness coating, as well as surface morphology examination. To determine the corrosion rate based on Tafel extrapolation, the observation is by using the scanning electron microscope. The standard measurement for tin electroplating, surface preparation, and corrosion rate is according to the ASTM B545, ASTM B183, and ASTM G102, respectively, whereas the parameters of process are regarding to the current density of coating, times and constant of solution bath. Based on the result, the best parameter finding of current density is at 6 A/dm² and 10 minutes of coating time. This parameter is capable to give a less of corrosion rate in both conditions of coatings, which is scratched coating and unscratched coating. In addition, by the lower of current density promotes the formation of tin whiskers and thin of coating but it gives a less of corrosion rate. The higher of current density promotes formation of cracking and worst of corrosion rate

Characterization of Microstructure and Magnetic Properties of CaCu3Mn4O12 by Sol Gel Route

The crystallization of single phase CaCu3Mn4O12 (CCMO) was successfully synthesized via sol gel method and was fairly well densified at relative low temperature under atmospheric condition. The microstructure characteristic, phase formation and magnetic properties of CaCu3Mn4O12 ceramics were investigated and characterized by XRD, FESEM and VSM testing. It was found that the pure phase with highly crystalline of CaCu3Mn4O12 were formed after sintered at 700°C under atmospheric condition as support by XRD analysis. FESEM result shows the significant influence of sintering parameter on the microstructure behavior of CaCu3Mn4O12. The smaller particle size with higher grain boundary and less of porosity were found for the sample sintered at 700°C to 800°C. The samples show the ‘superparamagnetism’ behavior where the M-H curves are linear with the field and have a smaller value of coercivity at room temperature. Sintering at 800°C produced the sample with lowest Hc value due to the phenomenon over grown of magnetocrystallites, grain size and grain boundaries

Effect of Parameter Controlled in Tin Coating on the Mild Steel Substrate

Corrosion is a one of problem encountered in steel industry and there are much of prevention and solution ideas applied and proposed by researches and engineers in order to avoid this problem from occurring in the future. In this research, the corrosion prevention of the mild steel is through the treatment process by the tin electroplating process. The trial and prepared specimens are addressed to the before and after corroded forms in which the surface testing is carried out through several processes such electroplating, electroplating process with various coating parameters, determination of thickness coating, as well as surface morphology examination. To determine the corrosion rate based on Tafel extrapolation, the observation is by using the scanning electron microscope. The standard measurement for tin electroplating, surface preparation, and corrosion rate is according to the ASTM B545, ASTM B183, and ASTM G102, respectively, whereas the parameters of process are regarding to the current density of coating, times and constant of solution bath. Based on the result, the best parameter finding of current density is at 6 A/dm² and 10 minutes of coating time. This parameter is capable to give a less of corrosion rate in both conditions of coatings, which is scratched coating and unscratched coating. In addition, by the lower of current density promotes the formation of tin whiskers and thin of coating but it gives a less of corrosion rate. The higher of current density promotes formation of cracking and worst of corrosion rat

Mechanical Properties of Kenaf/Polyester Composites

In this study, the reinforced kenaf fibers using polyester resin composites were processed through vacuum infusion method. Before infusion and reinforced applied, the long kenaf fibers were treated by various concentration of sodium hydroxide(NaOH). The effects of the modification on fiber and also the effect of fiber alkalization on composites then is analyzed for mechanical properties and by using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the alkalization treatment has improved the mechanical properties of the composites as compared to the composites with untreated kenaf fiber. In addition, a general trend of the mechanical performances of alkalized kenaf fiber composites observed showed increase with the increments of NaOH concentration. In this study, the vacuum infusion method used also offers benefits over hand lay-up method due to the better fiber to resin ratio that resulting in stronger and lighter laminates. By vacuum infusion process, the kenaf-polyester composite manufactured provides an opportunity for replacing the existing materials with a higher strength, low cost alternatives, and environmental friendl

Optimization of Coconut Fibers Toward Heat Insulator Applications

In this research, usage of coconut fibers and natural rubber as main materials for heat insulation application has been investigated. Both materials have significant advantages due to their high quality characteristic and abundant availability in Malaysia. Cold press technique was used to produce 12 different compositions of latex, which are 5 wt.%, 10 wt.%, 15 wt.%, 20 wt.%, 25 wt.%, 30 wt.%, 35 wt.%, 40 wt.%, 45 wt.%, 50 wt.%, 55 wt.% and 60 wt.%. The result showed that composite specimen with 30 wt. % latex is the best compositions as it can absorb 95% of heat in the heat test. This is better than actual product that was made by synthetic rubber material. Also, the best result of the tensile test and compression test for the Young’s Modulus values are 33.473 kPa and 79.59 kPa respectively. Hence, the composite with 30 wt. % of natural latex is most suitable for the heat insulator application

Characterization of Injection Molded 17-4PH Stainless Steel Prepared with Waste Rubber Binder

This study is to investigate the sintering characteristics and to establish the best heating rate and soaking time used for sintering process, by determining the physical, mechanical, and microstructural properties of the injection molded 17-4PH stainless steel using waste rubber as a new developed binder system. By using the feedstock which having 65 vol.% of metal powder, the molding are injected into the tensile test bar and immediately processed with two stage debinding process that involves of solvent extraction and thermal pyrolisis to remove the binder. The specimens were sintered at 1360°C under vacuum atmosphere and tested for a critical property analysis of tensile test. Later, the observation on tensile testedspecimens fracture surface are done to understand the fracture behavior,distribution of grain and porosity and the significant correlation of fracture morphology to the mechanical properties. From this study, it is found that the combination of 50C/min heating rate and 60 minutes of soaking period resulted in higher density value, higher tensile strength, less porosity and homogenous grains distribution of the sintered specimens