Glass transition temperature of the dried spinning solution (1.8 M trehalose, 10 mM KCl, 5 mM glucose, 20 mM HEPES, 120 mM choline chloride, pH 7.4) using FTIR technique.

<p>The figure indicates a characteristic peak-position of ν-OH stretch plotted against decreasing temperature.</p

Survival of CHO-TRET1 cells spin-dried in solutions with or without trehalose, then stored in LN₂ for 1 h, and finally rehydrated.

<p>(A) Membrane integrity of spin-dried cells stored in LN₂ for 1 h and 45 min after thawing and rehydration (B) Micrograph of the spin-dried cells after thawing and rehydration. (C) Growth of spin-dried cells after thawing and rehydration. The values were normalized to the initial cell count (<i>n</i> = 10, ± SD).</p

Quantification of intracellular trehalose in wild-type CHO cells and CHO-TRET1 cells.

<p>Cells were incubated in fully complemented cell culture medium containing 400 mM trehalose for 4 hours (<i>n</i> = 3, ± SD).</p

Basic configuration of the spin-drying apparatus.

<p>The cells were grown on glass cover slips prior to the spin-drying. During spin-drying, the glass cover slip was held in place by a vacuum chuck.</p

Survival of CHO-TRET1 cells spin-dried in buffers with or without trehalose and rehydrated immediately following desiccation.

<p>(A) Membrane integrity of spin-dried cells 45 min after rehydration (B) Micrograph of the cell samples after spin drying and rehydration. (C) Growth of cells after spin-drying and rehydration. The values were normalized to the initial cell count (<i>n</i> = 10, ± SD).</p

FTIR analysis of the dried film obtained after spin drying of sample buffer (1.8 M trehalose, 10 mM KCl, 5 mM glucose, 20 mM HEPES, 120 mM choline chloride, pH 7.4).

<p>The ratio of I₁₆₅₀/I₁₁₅₀ was used to quantify local water contents.</p