State University No More: Out-of-State Enrollment and the Growing Exclusion of High-Achieving, Low-Income Students at Public Flagship Universities

State flagship universities are facing an identity crisis. Will they continue a historic dedication to economic equity, or will they become instruments of social stratification?Although the admissions practices of private selective colleges are frequently featured in media coverage, public flagship universities enroll seven times as many Pell Grant recipients. However, these "engines of social mobility" are increasingly crowding out high-achieving, low-income students.The Great Recession brought dramatic cuts to higher education appropriations and in response, flagship universities are enrolling more out-of-state students. These students offset university budgets by paying higher tuition but often, they demonstrate lower academic achievement and higher participation in partying

A proof of Wright's conjecture

Wright's conjecture states that the origin is the global attractor for the delay differential equation $y'(t) = - \alpha y(t-1) [ 1 + y(t) ]$ for all $\alpha \in (0,\tfrac{\pi}{2}]$. This has been proven to be true for a subset of parameter values $\alpha$. We extend the result to the full parameter range $\alpha \in (0,\tfrac{\pi}{2}]$, and thus prove Wright's conjecture to be true. Our approach relies on a careful investigation of the neighborhood of the Hopf bifurcation occurring at $\alpha =\tfrac{\pi}{2}$. This analysis fills the gap left by complementary work on Wright's conjecture, which covers parameter values further away from the bifurcation point. Furthermore, we show that the branch of (slowly oscillating) periodic orbits originating from this Hopf bifurcation does not have any subsequent bifurcations (and in particular no folds) for $\alpha\in(\tfrac{\pi}{2} , \tfrac{\pi}{2} + 6.830 \times 10^{-3}]$. When combined with other results, this proves that the branch of slowly oscillating solutions that originates from the Hopf bifurcation at $\alpha=\tfrac{\pi}{2}$ is globally parametrized by $\alpha > \tfrac{\pi}{2}$.Comment: 45 page

Tissue Ammonium Nitrogen in Sheep Tongue, Liver and Kidney Following Death by Ammonia Intoxication

Urea was introduced as an economical nonprotein nitrogen source for ruminant animals. In the gastrointestinal tract, urea is hydrolyzed in the presence of bacterial urease to ammonia and carbon dioxide. The liberated ammonia is utilized by rumen microorganisms for amino acid synthesis. Ammonia not used by microorganisms diffuses through the gastrointestinal lining and is transported to the liver by blood, where enzymes synthesize urea by combining two moles of ammonia and one mole of carbon dioxide. The nontoxic urea is excreted by the kidney or secreted with saliva and other digestive fluids for recycling. Ammonia intoxication occurs when more ammonia is produced and absorbed than can be detoxified by the liver. Ammonia, predominately in the form of ammonium ion, produces toxicity symptoms which include hyperpnea, ataxia, muscle tremors, convulsions, tetany, and death. Numerous investigations have been conducted concerning the meta­bolic alterations and clinical signs in acute ammonia intoxication, however there is inadequate information concerning stability of ammonia in postmortem tissues. The purpose of this study was to investigate the postmortem stability of ammonia in sheep tongue, liver, and kidney tissues following acute ammonia intoxication. Liver and kidney tissues were collected because of their metabolic significance. Tongue tissues were collected because of easy access, which could provide a simple method of obtaining diagnostic tissues without opening the carcass