The Implementation Challenges Of The Law Concerning Sexual Violence In Indonesia

The law concerning the crime of sexual violence came into force on 22 April 2022 as law number 12, the year of 2022 has been waiting by most of the society in Indonesia with the hope that this regulation may reduce or even dispel the crime of sexual violence, which increased currently. However, some argue that some articles in the act contain a provision that contradicted religious norms and social morals even though some consider this act as a form of pure liberalization in Indonesia. The method of this research uses a normative juridical method and is supported by conceptual by analysing the view or concept of the jurist on and statute approach to defending the argumentation on the legal and data materials. The result shows that the act (UU TPKS) has a role as supplementary rules under Indonesian criminal code to settle the cases of sexual violence in Indonesia, and as legal protection to the victim of sexual violence. On the contrary, several challenge might occur in the implementation, such as internal problems from the legal enforcement itself, lack of implementing regulations and arises of the conservatism society which, holds a patriarchal understanding of how the populace considers sexual violence

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Age Restriction on Marriage in Indonesia

Child marriage in Indonesia is a multifaceted issue, encompassing religious interpretations, cultural values, and even the influence of technological advancement. A significant factor is the amendment of Indonesian marriage law, which include Article 7, empowering judges to grant marriage dispensation. While this is viewed by some as a solution and a means of child protection through religious and cultural lenses, others see it as a perpetuation of child marriage, contradicting both child protection and marriage laws. This research aims to examine the impact of marriage law in Indonesia, specifically regarding age restrictions and its close association with marriage dispensations in religious courts. Critics argue that this provision has led to an increase in child marriages, with a multitude of biological, physiological, and sociological implications. This study employs normative legal research, incorporating legal, conceptual, and comparative approaches through case analysis and juridical methods. The findings indicate that Marriage Law No. 1 of 1974, along with its amendment—Law No. 16 of 2019, are legally inconsistent with Law No. 23 Year 2002 on child protection. Therefore, legal reform is recommended to raise the marriage age to 21, aligning with biological, psychological, and sociological definitions of adulthood

INVENTORY OF MACROFUNGI DIVERSITY ON THE CANOPY TRACK AND CIPADARANTEN 1 TRACK IN THE PPKA BODOGOL AREA, SUKABUMI, WEST JAVA

The inventory of macrofungi diversity on two routes, namely the Kanopi route and the Cipadaranten 1 route at the Bodogol Nature Conservation and Education Center (PPKA), aims to determine the diversity of macrofungi species that live in the area. The research method used is direct observation in the Canopy and Cipadaranten 1 route areas. With the condition of the trees on both routes which are still quite dense and the soil area is still damp due to the cover of the trees, there is great potential for the growth of various types of macrofungi. The results obtained during research on both routes and identification produced 24 species of macrofungi Microporus sp. 1, Microporus sp. 2, Microporus sp. 3, Trametes sp.1, Lenzites sp, Ganoderma sp., Ganoderma boninense, Trametes sp.2, Microporus xanthopus, Hexagonia sp, Trametes parvispora, Microporus sp. 4, Hygrocybe aurantiosplendens, Hygrocybe sp., Marasmius sp. 1, Collybia aurea, Crepidotus sp., Volvariella sp., Marasmius sp. 2, Lycoperdon sp., Marasmiellus sp. , Coprinus sp. , Stereum sp., Auricularia sp. The results obtained prove that the diversity of macrofungi types on the Kanopi and Cipadaranten 1 routes in PPKA Bodogol, West Java is very diverse and varied

Forming International Instrument Through One Health Approach for Health Justice

Covid-19 is the proof that human health depends on animal and environmental health, these objects have interlinked with each other and provide impact to each other. Therefore, since international instruments have been formed, it will need the approach which is able to present these objects as the concerns to reach the global understanding on how to deal with pandemic situations, this is introduced through the one health approach for health justice, because disparities in COVID-19 infections, disease outcomes, and access to healthcare were stark and linked not only to health care system discrimination and inequality, but also to inequity throughout society. The purpose of this research is to discuss the importance of one health for health justice as the concept and approach to form international instruments. The method of this research uses qualitative methods and uses normative legal research or library research includes research on legal principles and this presents indirect data through scientific articles and books of the library conducted and supported with secondary and tertiary data. The discussion illustrates that one health as the approach which recognizes human, health and environment have bound each other and interlinked. Therefore, this approach will introduce the integration of interdisciplinary and cross-sectoral cooperation such as health diplomacy as a forum for negotiation between various states. In the end it shows that everyone may play an important role as the actor to promote the health of the populace in the future, one health concern will focus on zoonotic diseases, antimicrobial resistance, and food security for the future pandemic treaty. Health diplomacy through WHO can make a forum for International Health Regulations (IHR) requiring countries to designate a National IHR Focal Point