The relationship of UPE intensity between left and right paws.

<p>The upper panel presents the left and right intensity values of hind (black •) and front (gray •) paws before luminol injection for the control (<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0084579#pone-0084579-g003" target="_blank">Figure 3A</a>) and CII-injected animals (<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0084579#pone-0084579-g003" target="_blank">Figure 3B</a>). The middle row of panels of <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0084579#pone-0084579-g003" target="_blank">Figure 3</a> illustrates left and right symmetry in intensity of hind (black circles) and front (grey circles) paws after luminol injection for the control (<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0084579#pone-0084579-g003" target="_blank">Figure 3C</a>) and CII injected animals (<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0084579#pone-0084579-g003" target="_blank">Figure 3D</a>). The lower panels compares baseline UPE intensity (before luminol) of individual animals with the corresponding increased UPE value after luminol injection of the same animals. The relationship of UPE intensity within an animal (before and after luminol injection) for hind (black circles) and front (grey circles) paws is depicted for the control group (<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0084579#pone-0084579-g003" target="_blank">Figure 3E</a>) and CII-injected group (<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0084579#pone-0084579-g003" target="_blank">Figure 3F</a>).</p

Image of left and right hind paws (upper panel) and front paws (lower panel) of experimental mouse 7.

<p>In both rows, the left image is a position image, recorded under weak light illumination before the actual imaging of UPE. Middle images represent UPE before luminol injection. Right images represent UPE immediately after luminol injection.</p

Average intensities values and standard deviation of the 5 ROI’s on front and hind paws for control and CII animals before and immediately after the injection of luminol.

<p>Average intensities values and standard deviation of the 5 ROI’s on front and hind paws for control and CII animals before and immediately after the injection of luminol.</p

Subjects specific dynamics of TMAO and creatine.

<p>Dynamics of TMAO (panel A) and creatine (panel B) concentrations (expressed in arbitrary units) for four different individuals. While creatine shows similar scattered dynamic for all subjects, TMAO dynamics can be rather different between individuals.</p

Multilevel model for the static phenotype <i>P_S</i>.

<p>Two-dimensional plot of the multilevel model for the static phenotype. (<b>Panel A</b>: <i>Homo sapiens</i>; <b>Panel B</b>: <i>Macaca mulatta</i>). Each ellipsis envelopes the space of 95% CIs estimated by bootstrapping. Male subjects are color coded in blue (▪), female subjects is color coded in red (▾).</p

Descriptive data for clinical trials that have an intervention.

<p>SIGN50: How well does the study address an appropriate and clearly focused question? U  =  Untreated control; P  =  Placebo; C  =  Crossover; UPE  =  Ultraweak photon emission; cps  =  counts per second; CL  =  chemiluminescence; A  =  Adequately covered; W  =  Well covered; P  =  Poorly addressed; * No substance was used to amplify the ROS to photon reaction; ** Luminol was used to amplify the ROS to photon reaction; *** Lucigenin was used to amplify the ROS to photon reaction; **** Hydrogen peroxide in presence/absence of iron sulfate was used to amplify the ROS to photon reaction; ***** UVA was used to amplify the ROS to photon reaction</p

Markers present in raw datasets 1 and 2, the third dataset contains lipoprotein metabolic ratios, defined in Text S1 (Methods).

<p>Markers present in raw datasets 1 and 2, the third dataset contains lipoprotein metabolic ratios, defined in Text S1 (Methods).</p

Major trends in UPE developments in the last 50 years.

<p>The historical development of this field can be subdivided in five main areas: (1) the initiation of research of UPE with photomultiplier tubes in USSR and its connection to radical oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation, (2) the recognition of UPE world wide and globalization of this research, (3) the use of UPE as a non-invasive diagnostic marker, (4) the extension of time measurement into spatial patterns, and (5) the use of photon count distributions (PCD) and statistics (PCS) (based on fluctuations in the number of photons in successive counting in contiguous measurement times) for detecting a ‘light language’ that is connected with the system’s organization of the living biological state.</p

Statistical analysis of areas under the ROC curve for the cross-validated multivariate models.

<p>Statistical analysis of areas under the ROC curve for the cross-validated multivariate models.</p

Baseline characteristics of the subjects.^*

<p>* Plus-minus values are means ± SD. To convert the values for cholesterol to millimoles per liter, multiply by 0.02568. The body-mass index is the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters. HDL denotes high-density lipoprotein.</p