The Value and Profitability of Converting Sawmill Wood By- Products to Paper Production and Energy Generation: The Case of Poland

Analyzing the relationship between production of wood-based products and the production of paper and its derivatives ever more often attention is paid to complementarity of the processes of production, recovery and recycling of key raw materials and finally to their value and profitability of production. In this context, two main trends in converting wood by-products are noticed: paper production and energy generation. Development of market of sawmill by-products constitutes a challenge for wood industry, which requires determination of the most efficient means of utilizing those by-products. One of the crucial criteria of making business decisions is the value of wood by-products. A method of valuation of those sawmill by-products when converted into briquettes, pellet, or energy was presented. This method allows for multilateral analysis of profitability of various means of utilizing wooden by-products, on the example of Poland. Based on comparative analysis, recommendations for wood-based industry were formulated

TRAWY FOTOSYNTEZY C-4: POLSKIE DOŚWIADCZENIE Z ROŚLINAMI ENERGETYCZNYMI I PASZOWYMI

Experiment was conducted during four years 2003-2006. Materials used were three genus grass species of C-4 photosynthesis: Andropogon gerardi Vitman, Panicum virgatum L. and Miscanthus sacchariflorus (Maxim.) Hack. Plants were planted at spring 1998. Agrotechnical part of experiment was conducted in Botanical Garden of Plant Breeding & Acclimatization Institute in Bydgoszcz and analytical part in Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Management, Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology of University of Technology and Life Science in Bydgoszcz. Forage from grass C-4 photosynthesis were material of good ensilage suitability. High structural carbohydrates (NDF, ADF) contents in tested forage dry matter suggest ensilage at early phases of plant development. Above results suggest to possibility of usage of forage from grass C-4 carbon fixation group for animal feeding purposes. C-4 grass forage should be recognized as a supplementary source of green matter in periods of insufficient access to traditional silage sources.Badania przeprowadzono w okresie od 2003-2006 roku. Badaniami objęto 3 gatunki traw fotosyntezy C-4: Andropogon gerardi Vitman, Panicum virgatum L. i Miscanthus sacchariflorus (Maxim.) Hack., wysadzone wiosną 1998 r. Agrotechniczną część badań prowadzono w Ogrodzie Botanicznym IHAR w Bydgoszczy, część analityczną w Katedrze Żywienia Zwierząt i Gospodarki Paszowej Wydziału Hodowli i Biologii Zwierząt Uniwersytetu Technologiczno- Przyrodniczego w Bydgoszczy. Trawy C-4 fotosyntezy były dobrym materiałem kiszonkarskim. Wysoka zawartość węglowodanów strukturalnych wskazuje na konieczność zakiszania tych traw we wczesnych fazach wegetacji. Potrzebę zastosowania tych gatunków w Polsce uzasadnia brak rodzimych wieloletnich, wysokowydajnych gatunków traw, dostosowanych do uprawy na glebach lekkich i słabo uwilgotnionych oraz wzrastające zapotrzebowanie na biomasę do celów energetycznych

THE USEFULNESS FOR ENSILING OF CHOSEN PLANT FORMS OF SPECIES OF SILPHIUM GENUS

Chemical composition and usefulness for ensiling of the chosen forms of species: S. perfoliatum was determined in different stages of vegetation. Forage fermantation coefficient of species form: I, II ,III during vegetation period from vegetative phase to seed setting phase was lower than 35. The fermentation coefficient IV form of species during the initial phase of seed setting amounted to 36,54, which ensured the correct fermentation. The high phenol acids content in I, II, III species form limits the possibility of using them for forage purposes. These species may constitute a potentially good raw material for the pharmaceutical industry

PRZYDATNOŚĆ DO ZAKISZANIA WYBRANYCH FORM GATUNKU ROŚLIN Z RODZAJU SILPHIUM

Chemical composition and usefulness for ensiling of the chosen forms of species: S. perfoliatum was determined in different stages of vegetation. Forage fermantation coefficient of species form: I, II ,III during vegetation period from vegetative phase to seed setting phase was lower than 35. The fermentation coefficient IV form of species during the initial phase of seed setting amounted to 36,54, which ensured the correct fermentation. The high phenol acids content in I, II, III species form limits the possibility of using them for forage purposes. These species may constitute a potentially good raw material for the pharmaceutical industry.Określono skład chemiczny i przydatność do zakiszania wybranych form gatunków: S. perfoliatum roślin z rodzaju Silphium w różnych fazach wegetacji. Wartość współczynnika fermentacji zielonek I, II i III formy gatunku: w okresie wegetacji od fazy wegetatywnej do fazy początku wiązania nasion była niższa niż 35. Współczynnik fermentacji IV formy gatunku zebranej w fazie początku wiązania nasion wynosił 36,54 co gwarantowało prawidłowy przebieg i kierunek fermentacji w zakiszanym materiale. Wysoka zawartość kwasów fenolowych w I , II i III formie gatunku: ogranicza możliwość wykorzystania ich na cele paszowe. Gatunki te mogą stanowić potencjalnie dobry surowiec dla przemysłu farmaceutycznego

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor imaging with [Lys^{40}(Ahx-HYNIC-^{99m}Tc/EDDA)NH_2]-exendin-4 for the detection of insulinoma

PURPOSE: The objective of this article is to present a new method for the diagnosis of insulinoma with the use of [Lys(40)(Ahx-HYNIC-(99m)Tc/EDDA)NH(2)]-exendin-4. METHODS: Studies were performed in 11 patients with negative results of all available non-isotopic diagnostic methods (8 with symptoms of insulinoma, 2 with malignant insulinoma and 1 with nesidioblastosis). In all patients glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor imaging (whole-body and single photon emission computed tomography/CT examinations) after the injection of 740 MBq of the tracer was performed. RESULTS: Both sensitivity and specificity of GLP-1 receptor imaging were assessed to be 100 % in patients with benign insulinoma. In all eight cases with suspicion of insulinoma a focal uptake in the pancreas was found. In six patients surgical excision of the tumour was performed (type G1 tumours were confirmed histopathologically). In one patient surgical treatment is planned. One patient was disqualified from surgery. In one case with malignant insulinoma pathological accumulation of the tracer was found only in the region of local recurrence. The GLP-1 study was negative in the other malignant insulinoma patient. In one case with suspicion of nesidioblastosis, a focal accumulation of the tracer was observed and histopathology revealed coexistence of insulinoma and nesidioblastosis. CONCLUSION: [Lys(40)(Ahx-HYNIC-(99m)Tc/EDDA)NH(2)]-exendin-4 seems to be a promising diagnostic tool in the localization of small insulinoma tumours, but requires verification in a larger series of patients

Detection of structural damage of technical objects with the use of multidimensional analysis

The paper presents a damage identification method of technical objects with the use of multidimensional analyses. The studied objects were rolling bearings tested on a laboratory test stand as well as vehicle wheel rims. The rims were examined by an Automated Tester. A group of variables describing the condition of the bearings included basic parameters of acceleration signal such as: RMS, peak value, functions describing the envelope of vibration spectrum and additionally the experimental coefficient of friction for the oscillatory motion. Diagnostic measurements data can be input into the proposed mathematical models and compared with a database of cases of the object technical states. Results of the multidimensional analysis of diagnostic parameters are presented in the form of diagrams (cluster trees). On this basis, the technical condition of the tested object can be easily interpreted. The proposed models supported the classification of wheel rims into groups characterized by similar frequencies and amplitude based on shock tests

The Effect of Hydrolyzed Insect Meals in Sea Trout Fingerling (Salmo trutta m. trutta) Diets on Growth Performance, Microbiota and Biochemical Blood Parameters

The present study is the first introduction of hydrolyzed superworm meal in sea trout nutrition. It was conducted to evaluate the effects of inclusion in the diet of hydrolyzed insect meals as a partial replacement for fishmeal on growth performance, feed utilization, organosomatic indices, serum biochemical parameters, gut histomorphology, and microbiota composition of sea trout (Salmo trutta m. trutta). The experiment was performed on 225 sea trout fingerlings distributed into three groups (3 tanks/treatment, 25 fish/tank). The control diet was fishmeal-based. In the experimental groups, 10% of hydrolyzed mealworm (TMD) and superworm (ZMD) meals were included. The protein efficiency ratio was lower in the TMD and ZMD. Higher organosomatic indices and liver lipid contents were found in the group fed ZMD. The ZMD increased levels of aspartate aminotransferase, and decreased levels of alkaline phosphatase. The Aeromonas spp. and Enterococcus spp. populations decreased in the ZMD. The concentrations of the Carnobacterium spp. decreased in the ZMD and TMD, as did that of the Lactobacillus group in the TMD. In conclusion, insect meals may be an alternative protein source in sea trout nutrition, as they yield satisfying growth performance and have the capability to modulate biochemical blood parameters and microbiota composition

The feeding value assessment of forage from some C-4 grass species in different phases of vegetation. Part III. Panicum virgatum L.

Chemical composition of forage from two varieties of switch grass (Panicum virgatum L.) was determined at different stages of vegetation. Changes in contents of some chemical compounds were noted during plants growth and development. Crude protein content decreased while structural carbohydrates (crude fiber, neutral detergent fibre – NDF, acid detergent fiber) increased during vegetation progress..