Współpraca między sądami państw członkowskich przy przeprowadzaniu dowodów w sprawach cywilnych lub handlowych. Glosa do wyroku Trybunału Sprawiedliwości z dnia 17 lutego 2011 r. (C‑283/09)

Commentary refers to the judgment of the Court of Justice EU relating to the interpretation of Council Regulation (EC) No 1206/2001 of 28 May 2001 on cooperation between the courts of the Member States in the taking of evidence in civil or commercial matters. This paper especially aims at interpretation Art 14 and Art 18 Regulation concern reimbursement of taxes and costs for the execution of the request performance of the taking of evidence. The need to discuss these problems results from the fact that the most often kind of requests concern the examination of witnesses. The aim of the Regulation No 1206/2001 is to make the taking evidence in a cross — border context: simple, effective and rapid.Komentarz odnosi się do orzeczenia Trybunału Sprawiedliwości UE dotyczącego wykładni rozporządzenia Rady (WE) nr 1206/2001 z dnia 28 maja 2001 r. w sprawie współpracy między sądami państw członkowskich przy przeprowadzaniu dowodów w sprawach cywilnych lub handlowych. Niniejszy dokument ma na celu w szczególności interpretację art. 14 i art. 18 rozporządzenia dotyczącego zwrotu podatków i kosztów wykonania wniosku o przeprowadzenie dowodu. Potrzeba omówienia tych problemów wynika z faktu, że najczęściej składane wnioski dotyczą przesłuchania świadków. Celem rozporządzenia nr 1206/2001 jest uczynienie przeprowadzania dowodów w kontekście transgranicznym: prostym, skutecznym i szybkim

Zezwolenie na wykonanie w Polsce orzeczenia sądu francuskiego. Glosa do postanowienia Sądu Najwyższego z dnia 30 września 2008 r. (II CSK 158/08)

Commentary refers to the judgment given in the case of authorizing the enforcement in Poland the decision of the French court. This paper especially aims at analyzing the transitional provisions contained in Art 54 of the Convention on jurisdiction and the enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters, done at Lugano on 16.09.1988 and in Art 66 of Council Regulation (EC) No. 44/2001 of 22.12.2000 on jurisdiction and the enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters. The need to discuss these problems results from the fact that transitional provisions of the Lugano Convention and of Brussels I Regulation on enforcement of court judgments provoke in practice many interpretation doubts. Finally this commentary refers to the legal character of procedure before the court of 2nd instance, especially to the term “procedure in contradictory matters (Art 43(3) Council Regulation Brussels I and Art 37(1), Art 40(2) Lugano Convention).Komentarz odnosi się do orzeczenia wydanego w sprawie o zezwolenie na wykonanie w Polsce orzeczenia sądu francuskiego. Niniejszy artykuł ma na celu w szczególności analizę przepisów przejściowych zawartych w art. 54 Konwencji o jurysdykcji i wykonywaniu orzeczeń w sprawach cywilnych i handlowych, sporządzonej w Lugano dnia 16.09.1988 r. oraz w art. 66 Rozporządzenia Rady (WE) nr 44/2001 z dnia 22.12.2000 r. w sprawie jurysdykcji i wykonywania orzeczeń sądowych w sprawach cywilnych i handlowych. Potrzeba omówienia tych zagadnień wynika z faktu, że przepisy przejściowe Konwencji lugańskiej i Rozporządzenia Bruksela I dotyczące wykonywania orzeczeń sądowych budzą w praktyce wiele wątpliwości interpretacyjnych. Wreszcie, niniejszy komentarz odnosi się do prawnego charakteru postępowania przed sądem drugiej instancji, w szczególności do pojęcia «postępowanie sporne» (art. 43 ust. 3 Rozporządzenia Rady Bruksela I oraz art. 37 ust. 1, art. 40 ust. 2 Konwencji lugańskiej)

Entering the Next Level of Value Generation: Servitization and Digitization for Industry 4.0 by ifm electronic

Ifm electronic is a mid-sized wold market leader in sensor electronics for industry and automotive applications. The hidden champion shows an impressive growth trajectory in the last 20 years from around 200 mio. € to 1 bn. € in 2019. In this case study, the ambitious leaders of this company start to elaborate the strategy for achieving the next billion. Students are required to identify the drivers of growth in the past decades and evaluate the steadiness of this recipe for success in the context of major shifts and technological advances in key customer industries such as industry 4.0 and new business models driven by digitization and servitization. Thus, students will explore the benefits and limits of business model innovation and investigate further strategic options for growth

Plonowanie odmian sorga i mieszańca sorga zwyczajnego z sorgiem sudańskim w zależności od gęstości siewu przy różnej rozstawie rzędów

Field experiments were carried out in 2007–2009 at the Felin Experimental Farm, belonging to the University of Life Sciences in Lublin. Their aim was to evaluate the yield of sorghum (variety: Sucrosorgo 506, Cellu and Róna 1), sorghum-sudangrass hybrid (var. GK Csaba) and fodder maize (var. San) and analyze their response to different sowing rates with various row spacings (sowing density 72 no∙m-2 – row spacings 25 cm, 36 no∙m-2 – 50 cm and 24 no∙m-2 – 75 cm). Increasing sowing density resulted in a gradual increase in the yield of green and dry weight, which resulted from increasing the number of shoots per unit area, and the number of generative organs. However, with the increase in the number of shoots their weight decreased. The cultivation sorghum with the lowest plant density reduced the participation of leaves in the weight of shoots at the same time increasing the participation of panicles. The yield of variety Sucrosorgo 506 was slightly higher in comparison to the varieties Cellu and Róna 1, whereas the least favourable in terms of the yield of green and dry weight was the sorghum-sudangrass hybrid.  Badania polowe przeprowadzono w latach 2007–2009 w Gospodarstwie Doświadczalnym Felin, należącym do Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczego w Lublinie. Ich celem była ocena plonowania sorga zwyczajnego (odmiany: Sucrosorgo 506, Cellu i Róna 1), mieszańca sorga zwyczajnego i sorga sudańskiego (odmiana GK Csaba) oraz kukurydzy pastewnej (odmiana San), a także analiza ich reakcji na zróżnicowaną gęstość siewu przy różnej rozstawie rzędów (obsada teoretyczna 72 szt. na 1 m2 – rzędy co 25 cm, 36 szt. – 50 cm i 24 szt. – 75 cm). Zwiększanie obsady teoretycznej powodowało stopniowe zwiększanie plonu zielonej i suchej masy, co wynikało z przyrostu liczby pędów na jednostce powierzchni oraz liczby organów generatywnych, jednak wraz ze wzrostem obsady pędów spadała ich masa. Uprawa sorga zwyczajnego przy najmniejszej obsadzie roślin redukowała udział liści w masie pędu, równocześnie zwiększając udział wiechy. Odmiana Sucrosorgo 506 plonowała nieco wyżej w porównaniu z odmianami Cellu i Róna 1, najniższy zaś plon zielonej i suchej masy dał mieszaniec sorga zwyczajnego i sorga sudańskiego

Lidocaine bolus may facilitate computed tomographic coronary angiography in patients with frequent premature ventricular contractions

INTRODUCTION: Heart rate irregularities are the major limitations of computed tomographic coronary angiography (CTCA) due to severe motion artifacts. AIM: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a lidocaine intravenous bolus in preserving good image quality by the transient suppression of premature ventricular contractions (PVC) during the CTCA scan. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study group comprised 67 consecutive patients with sinus rhythm and numerous PVC scheduled for CTCA. Intravenous boluses of 25–50 mg lidocaine were given after calcium score assessment and immediately before CTCA. The control group comprised 67 patients with sinus rhythm without PVC matched according to the body mass index (BMI), age, sex, and calcium score. All coronary vessel segments were assessed for image quality and presence of significant stenosis. RESULTS: As compared with calcium score assessment, after administration of lidocaine and during the CTCA scan PVC were completely suppressed in 22 (40%), reduced in 10 (18%), unchanged in 18 (32%), and intensified in 5 (10%) patients. Overall, there were 32 (58%) patients with sinus rhythm during CTCA as compared with only 11 (20%) patients free from PVC during calcium score assessment (p < 0.001). Image quality in 871 coronary segments including both the study group and control patients was worse in patients with PVC (p < 0.0001). However, there was no statistically significant difference in the number of patients with at least one segment of non-diagnostic quality (6% vs. 12%, p = 0.36; respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Single lidocaine bolus given prior to CTCA is safe, may temporarily eliminate or reduce the intensity of arrhythmia, and hence results in improved quality of CTCA in patients with numerous PVC

Relation between coronary plaque calcium deposits as described by computed tomography coronary angiography and acute results of stent deployment as assessed by intravascular ultrasound

INTRODUCTION: The findings from intravascular ultrasound studies on the impact of calcium deposits on the results of stent implantation are conflicting. AIM: To evaluate whether calcium deposits as assessed by (CTCA) influence results of stent deployment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study population comprised 60 patients (43 male; age 64.2 ±8.6 years) who underwent CTCA before stent implantation. Lesion calcium score, total calcium length, and maximal area and maximal thickness of calcium deposits within the lesion segment were assessed. Plaques were divided into those with calcium score ≥ median (group 1), calcium score < median (group 2), and without calcium (group 3). Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) was performed after attainment of optimal angiographic results of the stent procedure. Focal and diffuse stent expansion was defined as either minimum stent area (MSA) or mean stent area over the length of the stent divided by reference lumen area. RESULTS: The proximal reference segments of lesions with higher calcium score contained a larger plaque burden (47 ±12% vs. 41 ±9% vs. 34 ±18%, p = 0.02) – respectively for groups 1, 2, and 3. Positive correlation was observed between lesion calcium score and frequency of post-dilation (R = 0.28, p = 0.03). There was no difference in focal stent expansion (71 ±14% vs. 65 ±15% vs.71 ±15%, p = 0.3) or diffuse stent expansion (92 ±30% vs. 85 ±30% vs. 93 ±38%, p = 0.7) comparing groups 1, 2, and 3. Lesion calcium score, total length of calcium, and maximum area and thickness of calcium deposits did not correlate with focal or diffuse stent expansion. CONCLUSIONS: Lesions with a higher CTCA calcium score had larger reference plaque burden after stent implantation and more likely required post-dilation, but final stent expansion as assessed by IVUS was not affected by the amount of CTCA calcium provided an angiographically optimal result was achieved

Comparison of the rhythm control treatment strategy versus the rate control strategy in patients with permanent or long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation and heart failure treated with cardiac resynchronization therapy - a pilot study of Cardiac Resynchronization in Atrial Fibrillation Trial (Pilot-CRAfT): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND: The only subgroups of patients with heart failure and atrial fibrillation in which the efficacy of cardiac resynchronization therapy has been scientifically proven are patients with indications for right ventricular pacing and patients after atrioventricular junction ablation. However it is unlikely that atrioventricular junction ablation would be a standard procedure in the majority of the heart failure patients with cardiac resynchronization therapy and concomitant atrial fibrillation due to the irreversible character of the procedure and a spontaneous sinus rhythm resumption that occurs in about 10% of these patients. METHODS/DESIGN: Pilot-CRAfT is the first randomized controlled trial evaluating the efficacy of a rhythm control strategy in atrial fibrillation patients with cardiac resynchronization therapy devices. The aim of this prospective, single center randomized controlled pilot study is to answer the question whether the patients with cardiac resynchronization therapy and permanent atrial fibrillation would benefit from a strategy to restore and maintain sinus rhythm (that is ‘rhythm control’ strategy) in comparison to rate control strategy. The study population consists of 60 patients with heart failure and concomitant long-standing persistent or permanent atrial fibrillation who underwent a cardiac resynchronization therapy device implantation at least 3 months before qualification. Study participants are randomly assigned to the rhythm control strategy (including electrical cardioversion and pharmacotherapy) or to the rate control group whose goal is to control ventricular rate. The follow-up time is 12 months. The primary endpoint is the ratio of effectively captured biventricular beats. The secondary endpoints include peak oxygen consumption, six-minute walk test distance, heart failure symptom escalation, reverse remodelling of the heart on echo and quality of life. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT01850277 registered on 22 April 2013 (ClinicalTrails.gov

Clinical, echocardiographic, and pacing parameters affecting atrial fibrillation burden in patients with tachycardia-bradycardia syndrome

Background: The influence of various factors on atrial fibrillation (AF) development in the population of tachycardia-bradycardia syndrome (TBS) patients remains unclear. There are no data on the impact of different right ventricular pacing percentage (RVp%) profiles. Aim: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the relationship between the AF burden (AFB) and various clinical, echocardiographic, and pacing parameters in TBS patients. Methods: We performed a prospective, one-year registry of TBS patients with documented AF referred for dual-chamber pacemaker (DDD) implantation. Results: The data of 65 patients were analysed. The median 12-month RVp% and AFB was 9.4% and 1.0%, respectively. During the follow-up 14% of patients had no AF (p = 0.003), and the withdrawal of AF symptoms was observed in 49% of patients (p &lt; 0.0001). The AFB was related to the left atrium diameter (r = 0.31, p = 0.02), especially in the subjects with left ventricular ejection fraction &lt; 60% (r = 0.44, p = 0.04). Based on the relative change of RVp%, three groups of various RVp% profile were established: stable, decreasing, and increasing RVp%. In the stable RVp% group (n = 21) there was a quadratic correlation between the 12-month RVp% and AFB (r = 0.71, p = 0.0003). In the stable RVp% &gt; 20% subgroup there was a significant increase of AFB in comparison to the RVp% ≤ 20% subgroup (ΔAFB 1.8% vs. 0.0%, p = 0.03, respectively). In the increasing RVp% group (n = 28) the AFB increased whereas in the decreasing RVp% (n = 16) it remained stable (ΔAFB 0.67% vs. 0.0%, p = 0.034, respectively). Conclusions: DDD implantation in TBS patients is related to a significant reduction in AF symptoms, and left atrial diameter correlates with cumulative AFB in the mid-term observation. Stable RVp% &gt; 20% is associated with AF progression whereas lower stable RVp% may stabilise AF development. Increasing RVp% may be associated with the AFB increase in comparison to the decreasing RVp% subgroup in which AFB remains stable.Background: The influence of various factors on atrial fibrillation (AF) development in the population of tachycardia-bradycardia syndrome (TBS) patients remains unclear. There are no data on the impact of different right ventricular pacing percentage (RVp%) profiles. Aim: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the relationship between the AF burden (AFB) and various clinical, echocardiographic, and pacing parameters in TBS patients. Methods: We performed a prospective, one-year registry of TBS patients with documented AF referred for dual-chamber pacemaker (DDD) implantation. Results: The data of 65 patients were analysed. The median 12-month RVp% and AFB was 9.4% and 1.0%, respectively. During the follow-up 14% of patients had no AF (p = 0.003), and the withdrawal of AF symptoms was observed in 49% of patients (p &lt; 0.0001). The AFB was related to the left atrium diameter (r = 0.31, p = 0.02), especially in the subjects with left ventricular ejection fraction &lt; 60% (r = 0.44, p = 0.04). Based on the relative change of RVp%, three groups of various RVp% profile were established: stable, decreasing, and increasing RVp%. In the stable RVp% group (n = 21) there was a quadratic correlation between the 12-month RVp% and AFB (r = 0.71, p = 0.0003). In the stable RVp% &gt; 20% subgroup there was a significant increase of AFB in comparison to the RVp% ≤ 20% subgroup (ΔAFB 1.8% vs. 0.0%, p = 0.03, respectively). In the increasing RVp% group (n = 28) the AFB increased whereas in the decreasing RVp% (n = 16) it remained stable (ΔAFB 0.67% vs. 0.0%, p = 0.034, respectively). Conclusions: DDD implantation in TBS patients is related to a significant reduction in AF symptoms, and left atrial diameter correlates with cumulative AFB in the mid-term observation. Stable RVp% &gt; 20% is associated with AF progression whereas lower stable RVp% may stabilise AF development. Increasing RVp% may be associated with the AFB increase in comparison to the decreasing RVp% subgroup in which AFB remains stable