A review on preventive measures and treatment of white spot lesions in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances

Objective: One complication of fixed orthodontic treatment in patients with poor oral hygiene is development of demineralized enamel lesions compromising esthetics. This study aimed to review preventive measures and treatment of white spot lesions (WSLs) in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances.Review of Literature: In this review study, PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched for articles published during 1964-2013 using the keywords “white spot lesions”, “demineralization”, “mastic gum”, “casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate or CPP-ACP”, “chitosan” and “orthodontics”; 96 articles were evaluated.Conclusion: White spot lesions can be prevented by conventional plaque control and adjunct measures such as the use of fluoride-containing compounds, chlorhexidine (CHX), xylitol gums, chitosan compounds and laser. Low-concentration fluoride, CPP-ACP compounds and laser help remineralize these lesions. If not treated, bleaching, microabrasion and tooth restoration are the final solutions

Dentoskeletal Effects of Multi P® Prefabricated Functional Appliance on Class II Div I Children in Late Mixed Dentition

Objectives: Prefabricated functional appliances have therapeutic effects similar to those of custom-made functional appliances. This study aimed to assess the dentoskeletal effects of Multi P® prefabricated functional appliance on Class II Div 1children in late mixed dentition.Methods: This open label trial was conducted on 18 children aged 9-12 years with Cl II Div 1 malocclusion due to mandibular deficiency during a 9-month period. Written informed consent was obtained from the parents. Multi P ® (RMO, Strasbourg, France) was used by the patients 4 hours/day and overnight (minimum of 8 hours) in conjunction with specific exercises (pressing the teeth in the recorded occlusion, pressing the tongue against the palate and uninostril breathing). Patients were visited monthly. Study casts and cephalometric radiographs were obtained before and after the treatment. Data were analyzed using paired samples t-test and McNemar’s test.Results: The Go-Gn (P=0.029) and Me-N (P=0.021) distances significantly increased following the use of appliance while overjet (P<0.0001), absolute overbite (P=0.002) and the Wits appraisal (P=0.019) significantly decreased. Other understudy angles did not change significantly.Conclusion: Multi P® appliance decreases the jaw base discrepancy and corrects the overjet and overbite