The Impact of Government Policy on Food Pricing Using Game Theory

In this research, a model based on the theory of competitive games using Nash equilibrium and in the presence of a retailer for the purpose of food pricing was presented in terms of state competition and policy. Considering the effects of government competition and policy on the issue, we are trying to make a model more in line with real-world conditions and used by managers and practitioners in the food industry. Ultimately, the sensitivity analysis plant production costs were taken and the effect of changes in parameters on the variables of the research was measured. Keywords: pricing, food products, competition, government policy, game theory. DOI: 10.7176/IEL/9-4-06 Publication date:May 31st 201

Investigating the Impact of Multiple Competition on Producer Pricing in the Food Industry

Pricing is one of the most important and strategic decisions in the supply chain and can be called as one of the leading management arts. Pricing can have a huge impact on the sale of goods or services. One of the product pricing branches is the pricing of food products, which is of particular importance due to the particular circumstances of this market. Food products have a significant sensitivity due to the nature of corruption, the highly competitive nature of the industry, and the direct relationship with different consumer groups with different levels of income.In this study, two producers and two retailers were considered, one of these producers having a monopolistic market and the other having a multi-competitive market. The producer who has a monopolistic market only sends products to his retailer and the manufacturer with multiple competitive send goods to both retailers. In addition, the two scenarios are defined in a way that the first scenario is without green service and the second scenario applied green service. The first manufacturer only has the market of the first retailer and second-manufacturer hasboth the first and second-party retailers. Then the model was solved for different strategies and optimal strategies for each side of the chain were identified. Finally, numerical issues were presented, solved and analyzed in different dimensions. Keywords: pricing, food products, competition, government policy, game theory. DOI: 10.7176/IEL/9-4-05 Publication date:May 31st 201

The total cost of logistics in supplier selection, under conditions of multiple sourcing, multiple criteria and capacity constraint

This paper presents a mathematical model to solve a multi-objective decision making supplier selection problem. The proposed problem considers three objective functions: the first objective function minimizes the cost of purchasing the products while the second objective function minimizes the due dates and finally the third objective function maximizes the customer satisfaction. The resulted problem is formulated as mixed integer programming and, therefore, we use invasive weed optimization technique to solve the resulted problem. The performance of the proposed model is compared with NSGA II based on different criteria such as mean ideal distance and quality matrix. The preliminary results indicate that the proposed model performs relatively well compared with alternative method

Nanocomposite Coating Based on Thermoplastic Acrylic Resin and Montmorillonite Clay: Preparation and Corrosion Prevention Properties

Abstract Different amounts of nanoclay were incorporated into the acrylic resin matrix at 0, 1, 3, and 5 wt.% loadings. The coatings were applied on low carbon steel plates. Optical microscopy, sedimentation test, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction were employed to investigate the dispersion of nanoclay in matrix. The corrosion resistance of coatings was evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, polarization measurement, and salt spray test. In addition, pull-off and cross-cut tests were used for the assessment of coating adhesion to the substrate. The results indicated that the anti-corrosive properties of the acrylic resin were obviously increased by the addition of nanoclay. The nanocomposite coatings containing 3 wt.% clay showed the best corrosion resistance. Finally, the nanocomposites containing 1 and 3 wt.% showed the highest adhesion to the substrate

A Review on Garnishments from Legal and Juridical Perspectives

This research aims to investigate the term "garnishment" from legal and juridical perspectives. This research used a descriptive-analytical methodology and employed library resources. The results show that from a legal perspective, specific conditions have been considered in issuing a garnishment that takes into account the rights of the accused, but still in legal literature, this act is in contrast with the freedom principle and presumption of the innocence. Just like summoning and temporary detention, a garnishment not only does not have any place within religious rules; but also general jurisprudence and especially what is deducted from the context of being arrested on the charges of murder say that you shouldn't arrest someone or require them to be present or make them offer collateral or bail. However, Jurisprudential Documents show that issues such as temporary detention and determining bail in order to make things clear have a jurisprudential background. Also, jurisprudential texts mention the requirement for bail and arresting the defendant if there is a witness. From these texts, we can mention the jurisprudential principles of garnishments. Maybe we can ratify and implement this in positive law that is determined and written by people as a "social contract" which can be deemed correct based on the principle that says "the believer must abide by his commitments." However, when Sharia disagrees with the same law, then we can no longer choose people's wills over a Sharia legislator in an Islamic society. Therefore, issues related to "garnishments" have no jurisprudential significance in terms of primary sentences, unless they are a "religious order" from a Mujtahid, then they can be considered as compatible with Sharia laws

Misnomers in Hand Surgery

Hand surgery literature is full of disease names and terms. Some of them are misnomers, which are misleading to physicians outside the specialty. Therefore, we decided to collect all misnomers and provide them via this paper. Considering development of sciences in future, perhaps avoidance from new misnomers is impossible, but awareness of this fact, lead us to be more ingenious in interpretation. On the other hand, we believe his collection would be interesting for most specialists in hand surgery and as well informative for others

TORQUE AND DRAG MEASUREMENT: A COMPARISON BETWEEN CONVENTIONAL, SLIM HOLE AND CASING DRILLING METHODS IN A DEVIATED WELL

Different locations and field conditions require various drilling methods to produce oil and gas. Three major operational methods are identified to be slim holes, conventional and casing drilling. Despite many affecting parameters, torque and drag are two highlighted factors for the determination of the best drilling method. Torque and drag play a significant role in the feasibility of drilling and its final costs. In this study, the influence of the torque and drag are investigated for the determination of optimum drilling type in consideration of the same S-shape well trajectory for all cases. Consequently, slim hole drilling showed minimum torque and drag value which meant that this method can be a good choice. Furthermore, casing drilling displayed maximum torque and drag in this study resulting in high sensitivity to the high degree of deviation. On the other hand, due to the constant weight of casing while drilling, this method showed a smooth increasing trend in terms of drag force while slim hole and conventional drilling showed significant changes in different parts of well trajectory. The number of build and drop sections significantly affect the amount of torque loss, while up to 50% to 70% of torque loss was observed in the drop or build section

Study the Impacts of Temperature and Precipitation Variations on Drying Fig Orchards of Estahabn in Recent Years

In this study the climate data (mean annual rainfall and temperature) were examined to investigate possible causes of rain-fed fig orchards drying of Estehban. Precipitation and temperature data for 32-years period 1980-2012 were obtained. Trend test and Mann-Kendall method were used to study changes in precipitation and temperature time series during the statistical period. Drought severity and duration were obtained as well. Results of this study represent no significant trend in the study area average annual precipitation and temperature parameters. However for precipitation of May and temperatures in the months of March, June and July, a significant trend was seen. The results represent no significant trend for precipitation and temperature average in series, annual and monthly in most cases in the study area. Precipitation Changes in stations (Abadeh tashk, Fasa, Aliabad Khafr and Gozon) show decreasing trend in temperature changes at March in stations (Jahan Abade Bakhtegan, Roniz Olia and Do Boneh). Increasing trend and also of drought in the first six months years of With persistence 5 to 7 year was associated Considering to the impact of precipitation distribution on fig Orchards drying. The results of this study show that 36% of trees are affected by the drought. Although in recent years the frequency of mild drought has been more and persistence of drought, with severe and moderate drought years 2007-2008 and 2008-2009 and also an increase in temperature some months leads to drying are rain-fed fig trees

Phytochemical Attributes of Some Dried Fig (Ficus carica L.) Fruit Cultivars Grown in Iran

In the present study, total phenolic, total flavonoids, total anthocyanins, total antioxidant capacity, total soluble solids, colour parameters (such as L*, a*, b*, C*, and H°) and phenolic compounds, including catechin, total catechin, quercetin-3- glucoside, total quercetin, and chlorogenic acid of nine dried fig fruit cultivars in Fars province, Iran, were studied since only limited information on that topic is available in the literature. Results showed that the total phenolic content in ‘Khafrak’ cultivar was significantly higher than other examined cultivars. Regarding to the values of total antioxidant capacity, there were no statistically significant differences among the majority of cultivars except between ‘Khafrak’ and ‘Rowno’. Except for ‘Khafrak’ and ‘Rowno’, TF content in ‘Sigoto’ was significantly higher than the other examined cultivars. Anthocyanin content in all cultivars was negligible and it was not detected in some cultivars. Based on colorimetric results, the lightest skin color was observed in ‘Shahanjir’, while the darker color was in ‘Seyah’. Significant differences were determined among the cultivars with respect to the distribution of phenolic compounds. Catechin and total quercetin contents in ‘Matti’ were significantly higher than the other examined cultivars. Results suggest that chlorogenic acid played a trifling role in determination of antioxidant capacity of the fruits. In addition, the cluster analysis based on Euclidean distance with Unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic average (UPGMA) method separated the cultivars into three main groups