Pakistan-China Social and Economic Relations

South Asia and East Asia are two sub regions of Asia. South Asia consists of seven countries India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Sri Lanka and Maldives. On the other hand, East Asia consists of China, Hong Kong, North Korea, South Korea, Japan and Taiwan. This article throws light on the Social and Economic relations of two countries, one from East Asian Region, China and other from South Asian Region, Pakistan. Pakistan and China has long history of reliable and time tested relationship. Pak-China friendship has been proven to be model of friendship between two neighboring states. Both states have strong political, defence, social and economic relations. This article is an attempt to explore new trends in Pakistan and china relationshi

Freedom of Expression and Justiciability in Pakistan

This paper would discuss freedom of expression and restrictions on the freedom with particular reference to the provisions of International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and the „Justiciability Doctrine‟ as enshrined in the European Convention of Human Rights (ECHR). The question whether the freedom of expression claims are justiciable or not, in third world countries like Pakistan and how it helps in the advancement of rule of law and good governance would be explored. The focus would be on the cultural relativism narrative developed ever since the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). The claims of „Universalism‟ associated with human rights especially freedom of expression would be criticized with respect to the Margin of Appreciation Doctrine as reflected in the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) and adopted in other jurisdictions. Freedom of expression and the rights of minorities in Pakistan would be discussed with a special mention of proselytization and forced conversions. Lastly, the role of legislation and judiciary in Pakistan for the protection and advancement of the freedom of expression guarantee would be discussed

Political Socialization in Pakistan: A Study of Political Efficacy of the Students of Madrassa

The Madrassa system has been providing an alternative mean to get education, which is religious in nature, according to the Islamic traditional values and is also affordable. Madrassa system in Pakistan, as a part of education-a social institution, is performing the functions of education institution. Acquisition of political culture and incorporation of political norms is political socialization. One of the important variable to understand the society‟s political socialization is the level of political efficacy. More efficacious the members of the society are, more positive is the political socialization of the society which ultimately leads to the good functioning of political system of the society. The present study aims to study the political efficacy of the madrassa students of the Lahore district of Pakistan.&nbsp

Socio-economic and political determinants of child labor at brick kilns: A case study of district Jhang

Child labor at brick kilns is an important aspect and dimension of child labor which is hampering the overall development of the country. There are different determinants of child labor however current study tries to explore the socio-economic and political determinants of child labor. The current study uses qualitative research design by using in-depth interviews to explore the above mentioned objective of the study. By using purposive sampling technique the researcher interviewed 30 respondents. The results of the study are based on themes that emerged during the data analysis. The study concluded that less education, need for extra money and lack for poor monitoring by government are important factors and reasons of child labor in Pakistan. The study implies that potential implementation of the government’s laws and proper monitoring is a key to eradicate child labo

Factors Affecting Performance of Primary Schools Teachers in Terrorism Affected Areas: A Case of District Swat

The purpose of this study was to identify the factors that affect the performance of primary school teachers in terrorism affected areas. The main objective of the study was to measure and summarize the perceptions of teachers themselves about the factors that affect teachers’ performance in terrorism affected areas. The study was descriptive in nature. All the primary school teachers in district Swat constituted the population of the study. Hundred teachers, fifty male and fifty female were randomly selected. In this study five factors were identified. The first factor focuses on the financial position of teachers in terrorism affected areas. The second factor focuses on the environment of schools. The third factor discusses the parents’ cooperation during the terrorism. The fourth factor focuses on the security of schools and teachers and the fifth factor focuses on the psychological effect of terrorism on the performance of teachers. A self-developed closed ended questionnaire on five point rating scale was developed, and collected data regarding the five factors, financial resources of teachers, physical environment of school, security, parents involvement in teaching and learning process, psychological effects of terrorism on teachers. The collected data were tabulated, analyzed and interpreted by using statistical techniques as percentage of the responses .The main findings of the study were that mostly teachers faced the economic challenges in terrorism affected areas. Financial resources of teachers were destroyed. Salaries were delaed. Side businesses were destroyed. Continuous attacks on school affected the learning ability of students that affected the performance of teachers. Mostly parents became IDPs and the remaining did not take interest in the education of children. Teachers were not safe in school neither security was provided to teachers. Due to fear of attacks on school the teachers gave less time to teaching. Anxiety and emotional complained of teachers increased. There was no significant differences in the opinion of male and female teachers. It was recommended that the government should provide security to teachers, parents and schools. So that to reduce the depression and anxiety of teachers. The government should support the teachers financially.&nbsp

Female Political Participation in South Asia: a Case Study of Pakistan

The objective of the current study is to find out the male’s perception about female political participation. Prior researchers in this area were mostly quantitative hence the current study is a qualitative study to get an in-depth understanding of the phenomenon. This study used purposive sampling technique and the findings of the study are based on 20 in-depth interviews and 2 focus group discussions. The study concluded that religious, economic and patriarchal mind-set is the main factors that hinder women in the field of politics. The findings of the current study can be effectively used to make women participate in a more productive way by increasing the awareness at the grass root level and by making appropriate policies and the national level

Role of Leaders’ Qualification on Performance of Students at Primary Level in Punjab, Pakistan.

Leadership and management have a fundamental part in the quantitative development and qualitative expansion of an educational institute. The administration of a school has a big role towards the students’ performance whereas the real supports of administration are leadership and management .Role of leaders’ qualification on the performance of the students on primary level in community model schools and government girls’ primary school in the Punjab was seen in this research. Following standard methodology and using documentary fact for establishing the role of the leaders’ qualification on the performance of the students, this research has demonstrated that it does have significant impact. The study was made on population comprising of 350 schools (174 Community model school and 175 Govt. Girls primary schools) from 35 districts of the Punjab. The results show that community model schools are better in students’ performance than Govt. Girls Primary School because they have more qualified leader

Elimination of Bonded Labour in South Asia: The Process Patronage and Labourers’ Right to Access Micro Credit in Brick Kiln Industry of Pakistan.

This study examined the process of microcredit disbursement among brick kiln labourers and paying off loan in monthly installments. In depth interviews were conducted with the brick kiln labourers to solicit their experiences and difficulties regarding acquisition of microcredit. The process of acquiring microcredit involves many steps from the awareness about microcredit to disbursement of the loans. A local NGO was responsible to guide brick kiln labourers about different steps of getting microcredit. The study explains how the prevalence of inequitable and manipulative practices involved at different stages of acquiring microcredit may restrict labourers’ right of access to the facility of loan.&nbsp

Breaking the Bonds of Poverty: Effectiveness of Microcredit in Improving the Wellbeing of Brick Kilns’ Laborers in Pakistan

This study examines the effectiveness of microcredit to enhance family income, eradicate peshgi and improve the wellbeing of brick kiln laborers. A survey was carried out to determine the effectiveness of microcredit among laborers working at brick kilns located in Lahore and Kasur districts. Linear regression analysis was run at 418 cases to track patterns in the data. The results of study indicated that microcredit significantly increased the family income, eradicated peshgi and improved the wellbeing of borrowers. Furthermore, segregated data indicated that female, married, aged, illiterate, beneficiaries having 6 and above children, beneficiaries having 9 and above family members, family income more than 20001, family expenditures more than 20001, beneficiaries who consulted their families and repeaters experienced higher benefits of microcredit scheme. The researchers recommend increasing the microcredit access to the poor people living in urban slums and rural areas, where the facility of formal lending institutions is lower and people are forced to take peshgi (advance) for meeting their basic need

Democracy in South Asia: A comparative Analysis of democracy in Pakistan and India

The current study intends to find out the quality of democracy in Pakistan and India. Both the countries freed from British rule at the same time and have similar culture and background. The study is based on eight quality indicators to see the quality of democracy in both countries developed by Leonardo in 2001. Apart from a heavy literature review the study used in-depth interviews to analyze the quality of democracy. For doing so professors of Political Science and History professors were interviewed from public sector colleges of Lahore. 20 professors were selected for this purpose. Both pro-determined and emergent themes were used to analyze the data of the study. The study concluded that democracy is in good shape in India as compared to Pakistan. Civil- military relationship proved to be a determining factor for the establishment of democracy in Pakistan. On the other hand corruption, bureaucracy, accountability, electoral system and other indicators were found to be in firm standings in India compared to Pakista