Liquid–Liquid Equilibria for the Ternary Systems of Perfluamine + Hydrofluoroether + Benzene, Toluene, or Xylene at 298.15 K or 313.15 K

A fluorous biphasic system consists of a fluorinated solvent and an organic solvent. The mutual solubility data of fluorous biphasic systems were analyzed for common organic solvents such as benzene, toluene, and xylene with perfluamine. Fluorous/organic amphiphilic ether solvents such as HFE7300 and HFE7500 were added to the fluorous biphasic system. The equilibrium tie lines for ternary systems were determined at two different temperatures, and the equilibrium data sets were correlated with the nonrandom two-liquid and universal quasichemical models

Liquid–Liquid Equilibria for the Ternary Systems of Water + Butane-2,3-diol + 2‑Methylbutan-1-ol, 2‑Ethylbutan-1-ol, and 4‑Methylpentan-2-ol at 298.15 and 308.15 K

The liquid–liquid equilibria of ternary systems composed of water, butane-2,3-diol, and alcohols such as 2-methylbutan-1-ol, 2-ethylbutan-1-ol, and 4-methylpentan-2-ol were studied at two different temperatures (298.15 and 308.15 K). The experimental tie-line data were compared with the compositional data predicted by the NRTL and UNIQUAC models. The distribution ratio and separation factors were calculated to evaluate the extraction efficiencies. Among the three different branched-chain alcohols selected as extractants, 2-methylbutan-1-ol, which has the shortest chain and branch, provided the highest distribution ratios of 0.55–0.67. The root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) values were calculated for each ternary system, and the average RMSD value was 0.0058, which assures good reliability

Liquid–Liquid Equilibria for the Ternary Systems of 4‑Methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one + 1,4-Dimethylbenzene + Octane, Decane, or Dodecane and the Ternary Systems of Acetonitrile + Morpholine + Octane, Decane, or Dodecane at 313.15 K or 298.15 K

The phase behavior of a temperature-dependent multicomponent system was investigated for ternary systems comprising a polar aprotic solvent, a solubility mediator, and aliphatic hydrocarbons such as octane, decane, or dodecane. The experimental tie-line composition and binodal composition were obtained for the ternary system of 4-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one + 1,4-dimethylbenzene + octane, decane, or dodecane and the ternary system of acetonitrile + morpholine + octane, decane, or dodecane at two different temperatures, 298.15 K and 313.15 K. The distribution ratios of 1,4-dimethylbenzene and morpholine were determined, and the experimental tie-line results were adequately correlated using the nonrandom two-liquid (NRTL) activity coefficient model by utilizing the obtained binary interaction parameter

Liquid–Liquid Equilibria for the Ternary Systems of FC3283 + HFE7300 + Hexane, FC3283 + HFE7500 + Octane, and FC72 + HFE7100 + (Acetonitrile or Ethyl Acetate) at 273.15 K, 298.15 K, and 313.15 K

The temperature-induced phase behavior of a ternary system consisting of two fluorinated solvents and an organic solvent was studied. The solubility data and liquid–liquid equilibrium data for the following ternary systems were examined: (FC3283 + HFE7300 + hexane) at 273.15 K and 298.15 K, (FC3283 + HFE7500 + octane) at 298.15 K and 313.15 K, (FC72 + HFE7100 + acetonitrile) at 273.15 K and 298.15 K, and (FC72 + HFE7100 + ethyl acetate) at 273.15 K and 298.15 K. In addition, the experimental tie line data for eight ternary systems were correlated using the NRTL and UNIQUAC models, and the corresponding binary interaction parameters were determined

Fabrication of Microcapsules for Dye-Doped Polymer-Dispersed Liquid Crystal-Based Smart Windows

A dye-doped polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) is an attractive material for application in smart windows. Smart windows using a PDLC can be operated simply and have a high contrast ratio compared to those of other devices that employed photochromic or thermochromic material. However, in conventional dye-doped PDLC methods, dye contamination can cause problems and has a limited degree of commercialization of electric smart windows. Here, we report on an approach to resolve dye-related problems by encapsulating the dye in monodispersed capsules. By encapsulation, a fabricated dye-doped PDLC had a contrast ratio of >120 at 600 nm. This fabrication method of encapsulating the dye in a core–shell structured microcapsule in a dye-doped PDLC device provides a practical platform for dye-doped PDLC-based smart windows