WHAT IS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIAL SUPPORT AND ACHIEVEMENT FOR STUDENTS WITH AND WITHOUTHOUT LEARNING DISABILITIES FROM BLACK AND LATINO BACKGROUNDS?

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between social support sources (i.e., Parents, Teachers, Classmates, and A Close Friend) and subtypes (i.e. Emotional, Instrumental, Appraisal, and Informational) on academic success. Specifically, social support perceptions and achievement outcomes of adolescents with and without learning disabilities were examined. Adolescents in 6th through 8th grade participated by completing a survey, the Child and Adolescent Social Support Scale (CASSS; Malecki, Demaray, & Elliott, 2000). Moreover, following survey administration student achievement was assessed through mathematics and English Language Arts (ELA) scores on the Massachusetts Comprehensive Assessment System (MCAS). The results from the investigation suggest that students with and without learning disabilities are similar in the area of support and achievement. Furthermore, negative and positive effects resulted in the areas of classmate and parent support. Based on these findings, implications and future directions for research are discussed

Fostering and Foreclosing Student Learning Potential: Portraits of Performativity, Emotion, and Relationality in the Classroom

This dissertation endeavors to build a much-needed bridge between the fields of communication and education. Using critical pedagogy and critical communication pedagogy as theoretical frameworks, this project advances an understanding of classroom communication as constitutive of power relations, and teachers and students as agents who can work together to foster learning potential and social justice. I look to interdisciplinary scholarship on affect to craft a nuanced conceptual framework of the connection between communication and emotion, and how they create learning opportunities for some students and construct barriers to learning for others. Through ethnographic fieldwork at an urban magnet school, I explore the interactions between and among three teachers and their students over an entire academic year. I present compelling portraits of each classroom that illuminate the impact of performativity, emotion, and relationality on students\u27 potential to learn. I conclude by assessing how the circulation of teacher and student desires can lead to mutually empowering pedagogies

Validation of animal and laboratory methods in digestibility research

Experimentation in research explores new ideas and helps gain new knowledge which includes treatment observations, laboratory analyses, statistical analyses, and interpretation of the data. The use of appropriate methodology plays an important role in high quality research as it helps yield accurate, reliable and repeatable data. The same components can be analyzed by multiple methods due to the accumulation of approved methods. In this thesis two methodologies have evaluated to make suggestions based on time, budget, and resource availability. Currently there are several accepted methods for the drying of animal excreta; however some methods have been reported to negatively impact the nutrient composition more than other methods. Therefore, one objective of this thesis was to evaluate nutrient and energy losses due to drying method on feces, urine, and poultry excreta. Twelve individually penned growing pigs were fed one of three diets and 16 pens of 10 growing broilers were fed one of four diets that differed in nutrient composition. Feces, urine, and excreta that varied in nutrient composition were collected after 7 d of diet adaptation. Samples were dried using one of four methods: UD-undried, FD-freeze dried, OD55-oven dried at 55yC for 48 h, or OD100-oven dried at 100yC for 48 h, after which DM, GE, N, C, and S were determined. There were no differences among drying methods except FD excreta had a greater S concentration than OD (P \u3c 0.10). Covariates are auxiliary variables used in the statistical covariance analysis to limit variation for accurately calculating the least squares means. Digestibility research has shown limited use of covariates because the benefits are unknown. Therefore, the second objective of this thesis was to determine an appropriate covariate for digestibility experiments to limit variation that may affect treatment observations. Seventy two barrows were randomly assigned to one of three dietary treatments for Phase-1 (P1; 14 d). On d-14, pigs were randomly reassigned to one of the three diets within initial dietary treatment for Phase-2 (P2; 14 d). Fecal and blood samples were collected on d-10 or d-14 of P1 and d-14 P2. Fecal samples were dried and analyzed for C, ether extract, GE, N, NDF, P, and S. Plasma samples were analyzed for plasma urea nitrogen and triglycerides. When P1 criterion was used as a covariate for P2 data, it was significant for C, ether extract, GE, NDF, N, S, and plasma urea nitrogen (P \u3c 0.10). In conclusion, the data indicate that if initial diets are known, one must balance subsequent treatments for the initial diet because of potential diet by diet interactions. If the initial diets are not known, then an initial criterion would be effective in reducing the variation associated with subsequently obtain data, and should be considered as a covariate in future nutrition research. Therefore, the methods utilized and processed are important for yielding accurate and precise data

Chironomid Hemoglobin Genetic Diversity as an Indicator of the New Jersey Hackensack Meadowlands Wetland Health

Kearny Marsh located within the Hackensack Meadowlands is a freshwater wetland impacted by multiple environmental stressors from human activity. The marsh is located in the northeastern New Jersey metropolitan area. Chironomid larvae, aquatic larvae of midge fly, were analyzed from two Kearny Marsh sample sites, W9 and W22. A previous sediment analysis and toxicity study characterized heavy metal contaminants the marsh. The data results were applied in this thesis study to determine the correlation between environmental stressors and chironomid genetic diversity. Site W9 sediment was impacted by severe levels of total heavy metal contamination, whereas site W22 had just below to below effect levels of contamination. A primary thesis objective was to determine if chironomid hemoglobin genetic diversity is a suitable bioindicator of multiple environmental stressors. Prior to the genetic diversity evaluation, the thesis aim was to identify the genus of field chironomid with a molecular biomarker. SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis was used to analyze hemoglobin protein band patterns. A molecular method was investigated because chironomid identification based purely on taxonomy is difficult, since the various chironomid species have similar morphological features. The hemoglobin protein measured by SDS-PAGE method demonstrated to be an appropriate identification method, because the hemoglobin protein band patterns, characterized by molecular weight and intensity, directly correlated with the respective head capsule morphology. Also, according to phylogenetic analysis with Hierarchical Cluster Analysis the three species evaluated: Glyptotendipes and Endochironomus clustered separately into two major clades. Chironomus and Glyptotendipes clustered separately within one major clade however diverged into two separate subclusters. These hemoglobin protein band patterns were applied to the genetic diversity study. The second objective was to determine if a correlation existed between multiple environmental stressors and genetic diversity. The thesis prediction was that a negative correlation exists between hemoglobin genetic diversity and heavy metal contamination, compounded by multiple environmental stressors. However, analysis of heavy metal concentration levels between the sample sites and Hb genetic diversity based on the SDS-PAGE gel band patterns indicated a positive correlation between Glyptotendipes hemoglobin protein diversity and heavy metal contamination levels. Site W9 with higher levels of total heavy metals had a greater Hb diversity level, in comparison to site W22 with lower levels of heavy metals. This result may indicate several possible endogenous and exogenous explanations for the genetic diversity difference between the sample sites. The thesis study suggested that a physiological adaptation response, population genetic dynamics (i.e., genetic drift and a in bottleneck), and food web cycle alterations played a key role in Glyptotendipes genetic diversity levels in response to varying levels of environmental stressors. The thesis study demonstrated that chironomid hemoglobin protein evaluated by the SDS-PAGE biomarker has potential for both identification purposes and to determine genetic diversity of the species which may be applied to bioassessment of wetland environmental health