Lower respiratory tract disorder hospitalizations among children born via elective early-term delivery

<p><i>Objective</i>: We evaluated the hypothesis that elective early-term delivery increases the risk of childhood lower respiratory tract disorder hospitalization.</p> <p><i>Methods</i>: Children born via early-term elective inductions were compared to full- or late-term elective inductions in a retrospective cohort study using Washington State birth certificate and hospital discharge data. Outcomes were the odds of lower respiratory disorder hospitalization before age five and cause specific odds ratios for asthma, bronchiolitis, bronchitis, and pneumonia. In addition, a subgroup analysis excluding infants with perinatal complications was conducted.</p> <p><i>Results</i>: Electively induced early-term children were at significantly increased risk of hospitalization before age five for lower respiratory disorders compared to similar full- or late-term children (adjusted OR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.11–1.55). Bronchiolitis was the only cause-specific outcome with a statistically significant increase in odds of hospitalization, though comparable increases were found for the less common diagnoses of asthma (adjusted OR: 1.39, 95% CI: 0.93–2.08) and pneumonia (adjusted OR: 1.27, 95% CI: 0.99–1.64). Excluding infants with perinatal complications did not alter the results.</p> <p><i>Conclusions</i>: There was an association between electively induced early-term delivery and hospitalization for lower respiratory tract disorders before age five. This reinforces policies discouraging elective early-term delivery.</p

Univariate biometric genetic model for binary measures of physical activity in UWTR same-sex twin pairs.

*<p><i>ACE</i> refers to a model that includes additive genetics (A), common environment (C), and unique environment (E), <i>AE</i> only includes additive genetics and unique environment, and <i>CE</i> only includes common and unique environment;</p>†<p>Proportion of variance (and 95% confidence interval) due to additive genetics, shared environment, and unique environment factors according to each model;</p>‡<p>Akaike's information criterion (AIC) is a global measure of goodness of fit, with the best-fitting and most parsimonious models shown in bold.</p

Select characteristics of twins from same-sex pairs enrolled in the University of Washington Twin Registry.

*<p>Indicates difference between monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs at <i>P</i><0.05; data for cut-points presented as percentage achieving that standard; SD, standard deviation.</p

Within-pair tetrachoric correlations and 95% confidence intervals for each binary activity measure in monozygotic (solid white bars) and dizygotic (hatched bars) twins.

<p>Within-pair tetrachoric correlations and 95% confidence intervals for each binary activity measure in monozygotic (solid white bars) and dizygotic (hatched bars) twins.</p

Additional file 1: Figure S1. of X chromosome-wide analysis identifies DNA methylation sites influenced by cigarette smoking

Distribution of mean β-values of all X chromosomal sites in males (A) and females (B). Figure S2. Quantile-quantile plot comparing observed p-values to expected p-values of all CpG sites on the X chromosome from the epigenetic association study with current smoking status. Dashed line indicates 95 % CI for distribution of expected p-values. Figure S3. Manhattan plot of all CpG sites on the X chromosome and their association with current smoking status. The red line represents a FDR significance level of 0.05. Figure S4. Forest plots of the smoking-related DNAm sites in males from the discovery and three replication samples using M-value. A: cg07764473 (BCOR). B: cg21380860 (TSC22D3). (PDF 703 kb

Sociodemographic factors, military service, lifestyle, and cardiovascular disease risk factors in twins with and without obstructive sleep apnea.

Sociodemographic factors, military service, lifestyle, and cardiovascular disease risk factors in twins with and without obstructive sleep apnea.</p

Multivariable analysis of the relationship between the Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI), both as a dichotomous variable (AHI ≥15) and as a continuous variable, and total severity score ≥100, in the overall sample with twins treated as individuals.

Multivariable analysis of the relationship between the Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI), both as a dichotomous variable (AHI ≥15) and as a continuous variable, and total severity score ≥100, in the overall sample with twins treated as individuals.</p

Within-pair and between-pair relationships between the Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) as a continuous variable and total severity score ≥100, in twins discordant for AHI (at least 5-point difference).

The pairwise analysis is also shown for AHI status as a categorical variable.</p

Myocardial perfusion imaging data in twins with and without obstructive sleep apnea.

Myocardial perfusion imaging data in twins with and without obstructive sleep apnea.</p

Association of a total severity score ≥100, a measure of abnormal myocardial perfusion obtained using positron emission tomography myocardial perfusion imaging, with indicators of obstructive sleep apnea classified in tertiles of their distribution, including the Apnea/Hypopnea Index (AHI), the Respiratory Disturbance Index (RDI), the oxygen desaturation index (ODI), and the cumulative proportion (%) of sleep spent with oxygen saturation (SaO2) < 90%.

P values test the difference between first and third tertile.</p