102 research outputs found
The Global Work Force Crisis in the IT Industry
The rapid growth of Information Technology deepens the global work force crisis. The Information Technology Association of America (ITAA) reports a shortage of 346,000 IT professionals. It is estimated that the shortage of the IT specialists in Europe will increase to 1,200,000 by the year 2002. In response to crisis, the IT industry runs certification programs at an enormous scale. The university sector tries to expand its courses and become more responsive to industry needs
The Significance of Wireless Local Area Networks for the University Sector
The wireless networks create new opportunities for university teaching. Conventional classrooms can be converted within minutes into computer laboratories providing access to local and remote databases, multimedia presentations, telephony (voice over IP) and other resources. Students bring laptop computers with wireless network cards to the classroom and gain access to the university network through the wireless access points. Other benefits include access to the university library, online study groups or online enrolments from any place within the range of the wireless network. The paper outlines the fast progress of wireless technology in relation to the university teaching and problems related to the multiplicity of standards. Also explained are the differences between major wireless Local Area Network standards. In addition, the paper summarizes the required equipment and provides details of two wireless networks from the university sector
Marker concentration patterns of labelled leaf and stem particles in the rumen of cattle grazing bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon) analysed by reference to a raft model
Large (>1600 mum), ingestively masticated particles of bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon L. Pers.) leaf and stem labelled with Yb-169 and Ce-144 respectively were inserted into the rumen digesta raft of heifers grazing bermuda grass. The concentration of markers in digesta sampled from the raft and ventral rumen were monitored at regular intervals over approximately 144 h. The data from the two sampling sites were simultaneously fitted to two pool (raft and ventral rumen-reticulum) models with either reversible or sequential flow between the two pools. The sequential flow model fitted the data equally as well as the reversible flow model but the reversible flow model was used because of its greater application. The reversible flow model, hereafter called the raft model, had the following features: a relatively slow age-dependent transfer rate from the raft (means for a gamma 2 distributed rate parameter for leaf 0.0740 v. stem 0.0478 h(-1)), a very slow first order reversible flow from the ventral rumen to the raft (mean for leaf and stem 0.010 h(-1)) and a very rapid first order exit from the ventral rumen (mean of leaf and stem 0.44 h(-1)). The raft was calculated to occupy approximately 0.82 total rumen DM of the raft and ventral rumen pools. Fitting a sequential two pool model or a single exponential model individually to values from each of the two sampling sites yielded similar parameter values for both sites and faster rate parameters for leaf as compared with stem, in agreement with the raft model. These results were interpreted as indicating that the raft forms a large relatively inert pool within the rumen. Particles generated within the raft have difficulty escaping but once into the ventral rumen pool they escape quickly with a low probability of return to the raft. It was concluded that the raft model gave a good interpretation of the data and emphasized escape from and movement within the raft as important components of the residence time of leaf and stem particles within the rumen digesta of cattle
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