The relationship between cardiac and liver iron evaluated by MR imaging in haematological malignancies and chronic liver disease

Although iron overload is clinically significant, only limited data have been published on iron overload in haematological diseases. We investigated cardiac and liver iron accumulation by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a cohort of 87 subjects who did not receive chelation, including 59 haematological patients. M-HIC (MRI-based hepatic iron concentration, normal values <36 μmol/g) is a non-invasive, liver biopsy-calibrated method to analyse iron concentration. This method, calibrated to R2 (transverse relaxation rate), was used as a reference standard (M-HIC(R2)). Transfusions and ferritin were evaluated. Mean M-HIC(R2) and cardiac R* of all patients were 142 μmol/g (95% CI, 114–170) and 36.4 1/s (95% CI, 34.2–38.5), respectively. M-HIC(R2) was higher in haematological patients than in patients with chronic liver disease or normal controls (P<0.001). Clearly elevated cardiac R2* was found in two myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients with severe liver iron overload. A poor correlation was found between liver and cardiac iron (n=82, r=0.322, P=0.003), in contrast to a stronger correlation in MDS (n=7, r=0.905, P=0.005). In addition to transfusions, MDS seemed to be an independent factor in iron accumulation. In conclusion, the risk for cardiac iron overload in haematological diseases other than MDS is very low, despite the frequently found liver iron overload

Are hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance programs effective at improving the therapeutic options?: ¿mejoran las opciones terapéuticas de estos pacientes? Eficacia de los programas de cribado de hepatocarcinoma

Aim: to evaluate whether the current surveillance programs (ultrasonography and alpha-fetoprotein testing every six months) are successful in detecting patients in the early stages. Material and methods: the health records of all patients diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma in Donostia Hospital between 2003 and 2005 were reviewed retrospectively. Eighty-five patients (11 women and 74 men) were included in the study and demographic data, risk factors and clinical data were obtained. Patients were split into two groups according to whether or not they had been included in a surveillance program. Results: seventy per cent of patients of the surveillance group is diagnosed in early stage opposite to 26.7% of patients in no surveillance group (p < 0.05). Thirteen patients cannot receive curative treatment in spite of the diagnosis in early stage (9 in the surveillance group and 4 in the no surveillance group. The global sensibility of the surveillance program in our series is 95%. Conclusions: current hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance programs, which comprise six-monthly ultrasonography and alpha-fetoprotein tests, are highly sensitive and effective. These programs result in the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma in its early-stages, when potentially curative treatment may be offered.<br>Objetivo: determinar si la utilización en nuestro medio del programa de cribado de HCC establecido -alfa-fetoproteína (AFP) y ecografia semestral- en pacientes con hepatopatía crónica permite detectar pacientes en estadios precoces de la enfermedad. Material y métodos: Diseño experimental: estudio retrospectivo. Criterios diagnósticos de HCC: 2 o más técnicas de imagen con lesión hipervascular mayor de 2 cm o 1 técnica de imagen con lesión hipervascular mayor de 2 cm asociado a AFP mayor de 400 ng/ml. Pacientes: 85 pacientes diagnosticados de HCC en el Hospital Donostia entre los años 2003 y 2005. Datos analizados: información demográfica (sexo, edad), factores de riesgo (alcohol, virus de hepatitis, hemocromatosis, otras enfermedades asociadas), e información clínica (etiología de la hepatopatía, estadio de Child-Pugh, determinación de AFP, hallazgos radiológicos, criterios de resecabilidad, tratamiento recibido, evolución). Se divide la muestra en dos grupos según hubieran seguido o no un programa de cribado. Resultados: el 70% de los pacientes del grupo de cribado se diagnostican en estadio precoz frente al 26,7% del grupo de no cribado (p < 0,05). Trece pacientes no pueden recibir tratamiento curativo a pesar del diagnóstico en fase precoz (9 en el grupo de cribado y 4 en el de no cribado). La sensibilidad global del cribado en nuestra serie es del 95%. Conclusiones: en nuestro medio, el programa de cribado de hepatocarcinoma es eficaz en términos de aplicación de tratamientos curativos

Are hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance programs effective at improving the therapeutic options?: ¿mejoran las opciones terapéuticas de estos pacientes?

Aim: to evaluate whether the current surveillance programs (ultrasonography and alpha-fetoprotein testing every six months) are successful in detecting patients in the early stages. Material and methods: the health records of all patients diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma in Donostia Hospital between 2003 and 2005 were reviewed retrospectively. Eighty-five patients (11 women and 74 men) were included in the study and demographic data, risk factors and clinical data were obtained. Patients were split into two groups according to whether or not they had been included in a surveillance program. Results: seventy per cent of patients of the surveillance group is diagnosed in early stage opposite to 26.7% of patients in no surveillance group (p < 0.05). Thirteen patients cannot receive curative treatment in spite of the diagnosis in early stage (9 in the surveillance group and 4 in the no surveillance group. The global sensibility of the surveillance program in our series is 95%. Conclusions: current hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance programs, which comprise six-monthly ultrasonography and alpha-fetoprotein tests, are highly sensitive and effective. These programs result in the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma in its early-stages, when potentially curative treatment may be offered

Quantification of Liver Iron Overload with MRI: Review and Guidelines from the ESGAR and SAR

International audienceAccumulation of excess iron in the body, or systemic iron overload, results from a variety of causes. The concentration of iron in the liver is linearly related to the total body iron stores and, for this reason, quantification of liver iron concentration (LIC) is widely regarded as the best surrogate to assess total body iron. Historically assessed using biopsy, there is a clear need for noninvasive quantitative imaging biomarkers of LIC. MRI is highly sensitive to the presence of tissue iron and has been increasingly adopted as a noninvasive alternative to biopsy for detection, severity grading, and treatment monitoring in patients with known or suspected iron overload. Multiple MRI strategies have been developed in the past 2 decades, based on both gradient-echo and spin-echo imaging, including signal intensity ratio and relaxometry strategies. However, there is a general lack of consensus regarding the appropriate use of these methods. The overall goal of this article is to summarize the current state of the art in the clinical use of MRI to quantify liver iron content and to assess the overall level of evidence of these various methods. Based on this summary, expert consensus panel recommendations on best practices for MRI-based quantification of liver iron are provided