Erodium control of doubtful proposition

Erodium is a common pasture plant in Western Australia, which can be very useful although it brings its own set of problems for wool production. Here we look at the value of trying to control this plant

Erodium control of doubtful proposition

Erodium is a common pasture plant in Western Australia, which can be very useful although it brings its own set of problems for wool production. Here we look at the value of trying to control this plant

Making Sense of Participant Experiences: Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis in Midwifery Research

Selecting the most appropriate methodology for research as a doctoral student is one of the most important yet difficult decisions. Not only should the methodology suit the research question, it is important that it resonates with the philosophy of one’s discipline and produces needed results that will contribute to knowledge. Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) is an approach to qualitative enquiry. IPA seeks to explore how individuals make sense of their major life experiences and is committed to the detailed study of each particular case before moving to broader claims. In the field of midwifery, midwives work with women throughout pregnancy, childbirth and the early postnatal period, offering individualized care based on the unique needs of each woman. IPA aligns with this women-centered philosophy as it offers a methodological approach that considers the individual in a local context. By capturing context specific situations, IPA allows broad-based knowledge to be contextualized within a social and cultural context, producing relevant findings. Thus the access to IPA studies will enable midwives to better care for women and their families through understanding the experiences and perceptions of those in their scope of practice.This paper presents the theoretical framework leading to practical guidelines on how to con-duct a doctoral-level IPA study, as experienced by the first author. It also addresses the advantages and challenges around utilizing IPA, illustrated through examples from the doctoral student’s study on the journey of exclusive breastfeeding in Australia

‘Determined to breastfeed’: A case study of exclusive breastfeeding using interpretative phenomenological analysis

BackgroundGiven the significant benefits of breastfeeding, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommend exclusive breastfeeding for six months. Despite numerous strategies aimed at increasing the percentage of babies who are exclusively breastfed, Australia currently has one of the lowest six-month exclusive breastfeeding rates in the developed world. Notably, most research focuses on the early postnatal period (birth-two months) yet the largest decline in exclusive breastfeeding rates is observed between two and six months.AimThis study aimed to understand what enabled a first-time mother to continue exclusively breastfeeding between two and six months in Australia.MethodsThe qualitative approach known as interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was used to explore how the new mother understood her exclusive breastfeeding journey. Data was collected retrospectively through a face-to-face, semi-structured interview, then transcribed in full and analyzed using IPA’s approach to data analysis.FindingsThree main themes were identified as self-determination to achieve exclusive breastfeeding, the influence of social norms in Australian culture, and the impact social supports have on maintaining exclusive breastfeeding.ConclusionFor this mother, her self-determination to exclusively breastfeed, along with positive social support, outweighed the impact of perceived social norms and negative pressure from significant others to stop exclusive breastfeeding. This qualitative reflection contributes to an understanding of the individual in the breastfeeding journey, uncovering nuances around exclusive breastfeeding that may be helpful in providing support for mothers and direction for further research

The private journey: An interpretative phenomenological analysis of exclusive breastfeeding

BackgroundExclusive breast milk provides complete nutrition for a baby’s first six months of life. In Australia, breastfeeding initiation rates are high, however duration rates are low. Although numerous studies have explored the reasons behind low levels of breastfeeding, few have examined the experiences of women who maintain exclusive breastfeeding for the recommended six-month duration.AimThis paper will present an in-depth, idiographic interpretation of first-time mothers’ experience of exclusive breastfeeding for six months in Australia.MethodInterpretative phenomenological analysis was used to explore how five new mothers understood their six-month exclusive breastfeeding journey. Face-to-face, semi-structured interviews were conducted retrospectively, transcribed in full, and analysed using the flexible seven-step approach of interpretative phenomenological analysis.FindingsThree higher-order themes were identified: (1) exclusive breastfeeding is a personal choice, (2) exclusive breastfeeding is harder than expected, and (3) everyone has something to say about breastfeeding.ConclusionThe mothers were not prepared for public debates around infant feeding methods, where mothers judge each other and give advice that supports their own goals, both of which create an unnecessary divide between mothers. Despite these issues, the findings highlight the personal and social meanings aligned with exclusive breastfeeding and point to the significance in fostering determination as a means to achieve exclusive breastfeeding goals. This qualitative reflection contributes a nuanced understanding of mothers’ lived experience of exclusive breastfeeding, deepening our understanding and enabling appropriate strategies and support for the longevity of exclusive breastfeeding, as well as direction for continued research

Orthodontics - historical

Melanson, [], "Model Trimming": This tape demonstrates model trimming with the accent on eventual mounting in articulator. (17:42) Orig. air date: JUN 19 74Johnston, Richard, "Mixed Dentition Analysis": This tape shows how to predict the space taken up by the eruption of cuspids and bicuspids in a mixed dentition by measurement of mandibular incisors. (11:49) Orig. air date: JUL 18 74Greschaw, C. Randolph, "Orthodontic Model Trimming": Demonstrates the sequence for trimming orthodontic models after removal from the model former. (13:57) Orig. air date: JUL 30 73Meldrum, Richard J., "Orthodontic Alginate Impression Technique": Demonstrates the materials and technique involved in taking an orthodontic impression with alginate. (14:27) Orig. air date: JUL 23 73Charlick, Richard, "Mouthguard Construction": Demonstration of the contruction of a mouthgard from Sta-Guard material. (13:49) Orig. air date: MAY 22 72Kane, Edward, "Horizontal Lingual Arch": Horizontal lingual arch designed for arch stability and auxillary attachments in conjunction with fixed orthodontic appliances. (29:29) Orig. air date: SEP 5 75Timm, Terry, "Diastema Closure - Hawley Retainer": A midline diastema is closed in two months with a Hawley retainer. (13:29) Orig. air date: JAN 16 73Meldrum, Richard J., "Wire Bending for Removable Acrylic Appliances": This tape lists the rationale and criteria for, and demonstrates wire bending techniques for removable acrylic appliances. (36:12) Orig. air date: APR 17 74Lang, Brien, "Boxing Maxillary and Mandibular Final Impressions": The technique for boxing maxillary and mandibular finals is demonstrated. The boxing of a maxillary final impression using a wax boxing rope and strip is demonstrated. (12:43) Orig. air date: DEC 6 73Lang, Brien, "Maxillary Final Impressions": The technique for taking maxillary final impressions with a patient is demonstrated. (15:55) Orig. air date: DEC 6 73Lang, Brien, "Mandibular Final Impressions": The technique for taking mandibular final impressions with a patient is demonstrated. (13:44) Orig. air date: DEC 6 73Meldrum, Richard J., "Basic Wire Bending Part One: Adams Clasp Wirebending": Dr. Meldrum explains the use of the Adams clasp, how to prepare the working model for the clasp, and how to bend the wire on the model. Part 1 of 6. (5:20) Orig. air date: MAY 19 77Meldrum, Richard J., "Basic Wire Bending Part 2: Circumferential Clasp Wirebending": Dr. Meldrum explains the function of the Circumferential clasp and then shows the construction using a model. Part 2 of 6. (3:00) Orig. air date: MAY 19 77Meldrum, Richard J., "Basic Wire Bending, Part Three : Finger Spring Wirebending": This tape contains an explanation of the Finger Spring function, and the construction of the spring using a plaster model. Part 3 of 6. (4:42) Orig. air date: MAY 19 77Meldrum, Richard J., "Basic Wirebending Part Four : Hawley Labial Wire": This tape describes the function and construction of the Hawley Labial Wire. Part 4 of 6. (8:56) Orig. air date: JUN 30 77Meldrum, Richard J., "Basic Wirebending Part Five : Right Angle Bends": Dr. Meldrum explains the correct instrumentation and procedure for forming a right angle bend in Orthodontic wire. Part 5 of 6. (9:11) Orig. air date: JUN 30 77Meldrum, Richard J., "Basic Wirebending Part Six: Curves and Loops": Dr. Meldrum shows the instrumentation and procedure for bending curves and loops in Orthodontic wires. Part 6 of 6. (15:44) Orig. air date: JUN 30 77Meldrum, Richard J., "Acrylic Technique for Removable Appliances": This demonstrates the making of acrylic removable appliances. (23:35) Orig. air date: JAN 1 74Loos, Paul; Clark, [], "Hospital Dentistry Using General Anesthesia": This tape demonstrates procedures for performing dental work on a completely uncooperative, mentally retarded patient, using general anesthesia, in a hospital. (42:30) Orig. air date: DEC 21 79Meldrum, Richard J., "Orthodontic Acrylic Technique": Demonstrates a technique for placing a cold cure acrylic on removable Orthodontic appliancs. (10:13) Orig. air date: JUL 17 78http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/64970/2/102-1.movhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/64970/3/118-1MixedDentition.movhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/64970/4/164-3ModelTrimming.movhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/64970/5/164OrthoImpressTechniques.movhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/64970/6/191-2Mouthguard.movhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/64970/7/241-1HorizLingualArch.movhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/64970/8/248-1Diastema.movhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/64970/9/263-2AcrylicAppliances.movhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/64970/10/344-2BoxingFinals.movhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/64970/11/344-3FinalImpressions.movhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/64970/12/344-4FinalImpressions.movhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/64970/13/413-1WireBending.movhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/64970/14/413-2WireBending.movhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/64970/15/413-3WireBending.movhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/64970/16/413-4WireBending.movhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/64970/17/413-5WireBending.movhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/64970/18/413-6WireBending.movhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/64970/19/AcrylicRemovAppl378-1.movhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/64970/20/GeneralAnesthesia535-1.movhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/64970/21/OrthoAcrylic498-1.mo

Helpful and challenging aspects of breastfeeding in public for women living in Australia, Ireland and Sweden: A cross-sectional study

Background: Breastfeeding in public continues to be contentious with qualitative evidence confirming that women face many challenges. It is therefore important to gain understanding of not only the challenges but also what women perceive is helpful to breastfeed in public. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with women living in Australia, Ireland or Sweden currently breastfeeding or having breastfed within the previous 2 years. Our objective was to explore and compare what women do when faced with having to breastfeed in the presence of someone they are uncomfortable with and what women think is helpful and challenging when considering whether to breastfeed in public. Data were collected in 2018 from an online survey over a 4 week period in each country. Content analysis revealed data similarity and theme names and definitions were negotiated until consensus was reached. How often each theme was cited was counted to report frequencies. Helpful and challenging aspects were also ranked by women to allow international comparison. Results: Ten themes emerged around women facing someone they were uncomfortable to breastfeed in the presence of with the most frequently cited being: 'made the effort to be discreet'; 'moved to a private location'; 'turned away' and 'just got on with breastfeeding'. Nine themes captured challenges to breastfeed in public with the following ranked in the top five across countries: 'unwanted attention'; 'no comfortable place to sit'; 'environment not suitable'; 'awkward audience' and 'not wearing appropriate clothing'. Nine themes revealed what was helpful to breastfeed in public with the top five: 'supportive network'; 'quiet private suitable environment'; 'comfortable seating'; 'understanding and acceptance of others' and 'seeing other mothers' breastfeed'. Conclusions: When breastfeeding in public women are challenged by shared concerns around unwanted attention, coping with an awkward audience and unsuitable environments. Women want to feel comfortable when breastfeeding in a public space. How women respond to situations where they are uncomfortable is counterproductive to what they share would be helpful, namely seeing other mothers breastfeed. Themes reveal issues beyond the control of the individual and highlight how the support required by breastfeeding women is a public health responsibility

Biomechanical comparison between the modified rolling-hitch and the modified finger-trap suture techniques

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to characterize the biomechanical effect of two grasping suture techniques used during ligament reconstruction: the modified rolling-hitch (MRH) and the modified finger-trap (MFT). Methods: Flexor profundus tendons were harvested from fresh pig hind-leg trotters. Each specimen was mounted on an electro-mechanic universal testing machine (Instron 3367). In half of all tendons (15 specimens), the suture was passed around the tendon following the MRH knot (Group 1). In the remaining half of all tendons (15 specimens), the suture was passed over a distance of 30 mm according to the MFT suture technique (Group 2). As per standard intra-operative technique, a 1 cm residual tendon stub was left free from suture in all samples. All specimens were preconditioned to a load of 50 N for 10 min, followed by three cycles loading between 50 and 120 N. At this point, each sample was cyclically tensioned between 35 and 240 N, at 1 Hz for 200 cycles. Load-to-failure test was then carried out at a rate of 200 mm/min. Results: Rupture of the suture material at the knot was the mode of failure in all specimens during the loaded to failure test. Significant difference was found between Group 1 vs Group 2 for the elongation between the 0th cycle and 10th cycle, the elongation between the 10th cycle and 200th cycle, the mean stiffness at the 10th cycle, and the mean stiffness at the 190th cycle. No significant differences were noted between Group 1 and Group 2 concerning the ultimate load-to-failure. Conclusion: This study showed that both suture methods appear to be biomechanically effective in a porcine tendon model. However, the single-knot grasping technique (MRH) provided superior biomechanical properties compared with the MFT technique