Factibilitat d'una explotació agropecuària a Kuche

Postprint (published version

Pollinator attractiveness of five weeds

The number of pollinators in agro-ecosystems world wide has declined alarminglyin recent decades due to poora gricultural practices such as the intensive use of pesticides and monocultures.Postprint (published version

Control químico del árbol del cielo (Ailanthus altissima)

El árbol del cielo (Ailanthus altissima) es una especie invasora con alta capacidad de expansión, capaz de instalarse y competir con la flora autóctona en áreas naturales. Con el fin de encontrar materias activas eficientes para su control se han realizado diferentes tratamientos inyectando herbicida en árboles de diámetro < 10 cm. En otoño de 2019, inyectando metribuzina (60%) y aclonifen (60%), ambos diluidos al 40%, se observó una mortalidad del 62% y 0% respectivamente. Triclopir (9%) + fluroxipir (3%) diluidos al 1% y 10% mostraron una mortalidad del 13% y 79% respectivamente. Inyecciones de vinagre, un detergente y un tensioactivo a tocones de árboles cortados no mostraron ningún control sobre los mismos. En verano de 2020, metribuzina (60%) diluida al 80%, presentó una mortalidad del 38%, triclopir (9%) + fluroxipir (3%) diluido al 60% y triclopir (24%) + aminopiralida (3%) diluido al 60% y 80% mostraron una mortalidad total. En otoño de 2020 inyecciones de fluroxipir (20%) al 75% mostraron una mortalidad total y diluido al 50% una mortalidad del 96%.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Control y capacidad de rebrote de "Ailanthus altissima"

El ailanto (Ailanthus altissima) es una especie exótica invasora cuya presencia en espacios naturales dificulta el desarrollo de la vegetación autóctona por lo que es necesario tomar medidas para su erradicación consistentes en conocer su capacidad de rebrote y la eficacia de diferentes herbicidas. En otoño, el corte de árboles de diámetro < 3 cm y pintura de la superficie del tocón con Triclopir (48%) diluido al 20 y 40% provocó la muerte de todos los individuos, aunque brotes conectados a los mismos no se vieron afectado. Los tratamientos con Triclopir (48%) y Clopiralida (72%) realizados en otoño diluidos al 50 y 80% realizaron un control del 100% y 96% respectivamente de los árboles. En primavera, ambos productos diluidos entre un 10 y un 80% mostraron mayor control a menor dilución. Inyecciones con vinagre, un detergente doméstico y el tensioactivo Lauril éter sulfato sódico realizadas por separado a tocones de árboles cortados no mostraron ningún control sobre los mismos. En un ensayo paralelo se observó que fragmentos de rizoma de 5 cm de longitud y 3-4 mm de diámetro generaron brotes y fragmentos de 7 cm y 7-8 mm de diámetro generaron brotes y también raíces, en condiciones ambientales naturales.Postprint (published version

Control de margall (Lolium rigidum gaudin) en una agricultura sostenible

Peer Reviewe

Spatial and temporal stability of weed patches in cereal fields under direct drilling and harrow tillage

The adoption of conservation agriculture (CA) techniques by farmers is changing the dynamics of weed communities in cereal fields and so potentially their spatial distribution. These changes can challenge the use of site-specific weed control, which is based on the accurate location of weed patches for spraying. We studied the effect of two types of CA (direct drilling and harrow-tilled to 20 cm) on weed patches in a three-year survey in four direct-drilled and three harrow-tilled commercial fields in Catalonia (North-eastern Spain). The area of the ground covered by weeds (hereafter called “weed cover”) was estimated at 96 to 122 points measured in each year in each field, in 50 cm × 50 cm quadrats placed in a 10 m × 10 m grid in spring. Bromus diandrus, Lolium rigidum, and Papaver rhoeas were the main weed species. The weed cover and degree of aggregation for all species varied both between and within fields, regardless of the kind of tillage. Under both forms of soil management all three were aggregated in elongated patterns in the direction of traffic. Bromus was generally more aggregated than Lolium, and both were more aggregated than Papaver. Patches were stable over time for only two harrow-tilled fields with Lolium and one direct-drilled field with Bromus, but not in the other fields. Spatial stability of the weeds was more pronounced in the direction of traffic. Herbicide applications, crop rotation, and traffic seem to affect weed populations strongly within fields, regardless of the soil management. We conclude that site-specific herbicides can be applied to control these species because they are aggregated, although the patches would have to be identified afresh in each season.This research was funded by the Spanish National Program (project: AGL2010-22084-C02-0). A.E.M. was funded by the Institute Strategic Programme (ISP) grants, “Soils to Nutrition” (S2N) grant number BBS/E/C/000I0330, and the joint Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) and Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) ISP grant “Achieving Sustainable Agricultural Systems” (ASSIST) grant number BBS/E/C/000I0100, using facilities funded by the BBSRC

The attractiveness of five common mediterranean weeds to pollinators

Concerns about a global decline in pollinators have called for more knowledge about the factors influencing wild pollinator abundance and diversity in agroecosystems. Agricultural intensification has been identified as the main cause of this “global pollinator crisis”, particularly due to reductions in natural areas holding critical floral and nesting resources. Maintaining native wild plants in agricultural landscapes (e.g., in field margins) is often recommended as a cost-effective and efficient method for pollinator conservation. In this study, the role of common wild flowers, often considered weeds, in supporting pollinators in a Mediterranean agroecosystem was investigated.Postprint (published version

The response of taxonomic and functional diversity of the seed bank to agricultural intensification and soil properties in two Mediterranean cereal areas

Weed seed bank diversity has been severely impacted by agriculture intensifi cation. However, the functional consequences have been poorly studied in highly intensifi ed agro-ecosystems.Postprint (published version

Utilización del modelo de Gompertz en forma diferencial para la modelización de la emergencia de malas hierbas

El modelo de Gompertz, en su forma integral es uno de los modelos más utilizados para describir el patrón de emergencias de malas hierbas en función de la temperatura y de la humedad del suelo. Sin embargo, la emergencia no sólo depende de la especie vegetal sino también de las características físico-químicas del suelo y de las condiciones ambientales durante la etapa de dormición de la semilla, que pueden ser muy variables de un año para el otro. Con el fin de evitar la validación previa que se requiere para cada situación específica y la ambigüedad que supone iniciar la acumulación de grados hidrotermales el día del laboreo, en este trabajo se propone la utilización de la ecuación de Gompertz en su forma diferencial para resolver estos dos aspectos.Postprint (published version

Quantification of regulating ecosystem services provided by weeds in annual cropping systems using a systematic map approach

Cian Blaix received a PhD grant from the Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna in Pisa in the International PhD Programme on AgrobiodiversityEcosystem services have received increasing attention in life sciences, but only a limited amount of quantitative data are available concerning the ability of weeds to provide these services. Following an expert focus group on this topic, a systematic search for articles displaying evidence of weeds providing regulating ecosystem services was performed, resulting in 129 articlesPostprint (updated version