Flavin and cytochrome contents in the mitochondria of the heart and liver

With a certain fixed methods of analyses, we carried out the determination of flavins and cytochromes in the mitochondria (Mt) and electron transfer particles (ETP) of the heart and liver of rats and cows, and made a comparison of the data with one another. Our findings may briefly be summarized as follows. 1. The concentration of each component of the beef heart mitochondria proved to be 0.47 for acid extractable flavins; 0.22 for acid nonextractable flavin; O. 75 for cytochrome (cyt.) a; 0.58 for cyt. b; and O. 51 for cyt. C + Cl, all units being m&#956; mole per mg of protein. 2. In the beef liver mitochondria it was 0.46 for acid extractable flavins; 0.18 for acid non-extractable flavin; 0.092 for cyt. a; 0.089 for cyt. b; and 0.122 for cyt. C+Cll likewise all units in term of m&#956; mole per mg of protein. 3. In the case of rat heart mitochondria, it was found to be O. 42 for acid extractable flavins; 0.22 for acid non-extractable flavin; 0.88 for cyt. a; 0.41 for cyt. b; and 0.62 for cyt. C + Cll all in m&#956; mole per mg of protein. 4. In the rat liver mitochondria it was 0.56 for acid extractable flavins; 0.19 for acid non-extractable flavin; 0.20 for cyt. a; 0.14 for cyt. b; and 0.19 for cyt. C+Cl. 5. The concentration ratios of Fs, cyt. a and cyt. b of the mitochondria, what are considered to be intrinsic and fixed components of the mitochondrion. to those of the electron transfer particles were 1. 3 in both the beef heart and the rat heart, while 2.2 in the beef liver and 2.1 in the rat liver. 6. These findings were compared with the data reported by other workers, and also a discussion was made on the molecular organization of the mitochondrial inner membrane.</p

Application of Scan-less Two-Dimensional Confocal Microscopy Based on a Combination of Confocal Slit With Wavelength/Space Conversion

Confocal laser microscope (CLM) has been widely used in the fields of the non-contact surface topography, biomedical imaging, and other applications, because the confocality gives two-dimensional (2D) optical-sectioning or three-dimensional (3D) imaging capability with the depth selectivity. Combination of line-focused CLM with one-dimensional (1D) spectral encoding CLM enables us to obtain the 2D confocal image without the need for the mechanical scanning. So-called scan-less 2D CLM is a unique imaging modality, however, there are no attempts to apply for practical application. In this paper, we constructed scan-less 2D CLM with the image acquisition time of 0.23 ms, the lateral resolution of 1.2 µm, the depth resolution of 2.4 µm, and apply it for different kinds of application to evaluate its practical potential

Scan-Less, Kilo-Pixel, Line-Field Confocal Phase Imaging with Spectrally Encoded Dual-Comb Microscopy

Confocal laser microscopy (CLM) is a powerful tool in life science research and industrial inspection, and its image acquisition rate is boosted by scan-less imaging techniques. However, the optical-intensity-based image contrast in CLM makes it difficult to visualize transparent non-fluorescent objects or reflective objects with nanometer unevenness. In this paper, we introduce an optical frequency comb (OFC) to scan-less CLM to give the optical-phase-based image contrast. One-dimensional (1D) image pixels of a sample are separately encoded onto OFC modes via 1D spectral encoding by using OFC as an optical carrier of amplitude and phase with a vast number of discrete frequency channels. Then, line-field confocal information of amplitude and phase are decoded from a mode-resolved OFC amplitude and phase spectra obtained by dual-comb spectroscopy. The proposed confocal phase imaging will further expand the application fields of CLM