Stability of quantitative traits of the Bc winter wheat varieties

U trogodišnjem pokusu ispitivana su neka kvantitativna svojstva kod deset sorata ozime pšenice u određenim agroekološkim uvjetima. Rezultati su potvrdili prisutnost značajne varijabilnosti za sva svojstva i to u zavisnosti od nasljedne osnove i utjecaja okolinskih faktora. Prinos zrna pokazuje visoku varijabilnost jer su ustanovljene signifikantne razlike između sorata i između godina. Najveći prosječni prinos utvrđen je za sortu Liberta (6,217 kg/ha), a koeficijent varijabilnosti kretao se od 28.2 do 36.9. Varijabilnost svojstva za masu 1000 zrna koja je iznosila od 7.01 do 15.07 i sedimentacije od 8.8 do 24.3 više je zavisila od genetskih faktora, a manje od utjecaja vanjskih činitelja.Visina biljaka bila je vrlo varijabilna i zavisila je od uvjeta sredine kao i genetske konstitucije sorte. Najveća prosječna visina biljaka od 80 cm utvrđena je kod sorata Patrie i Mihelce, a najniža kod standardne sorte Žitarke 70 cm. Koeficijent varijabilnosti iznosio je od 20.5 do 28.7. Parametri varijabilnosti za najvažnija kvantitativna svojstva pšenice pokazuju na vrlo povoljnu reakciju sorata Patrie, Marije i Liberte na različite uvjete proizvodnje. Na osnovu ostvarenih prinosa i parametara varijabilnosti usta-novljeno je da je moguće stvoriti sorte pšenice koje zadovoljavaju oba kriterija: rodnost i stabilnost.In a three-year investigation some quantitative traits of ten winter wheat cultivars were studied under particular agrarian-ecological condition. The results have confirmed the existence of significant variability of the characteristics depending on the base of inheritance and the effect of ecological factors. The yield of grains is a highly variable character, in regard to which significant diferences were found between cvs. and between years. The highest average grain yield was found in the cv. Liberta (6,217 kg/ha), and the variability coefficient ranged from 28.2 to 36.9. The variability coefficient of the 1000 kernel weight from 7.01 to 15.07 and sedimentation test from 8.8 to 24.3 depended on the genetic factors and only to a lesser extent on environmental conditions. The height of plant was highly variable depending on environmental condition as well as on the genetic conditions. Cvs. Mihelca and Patria had highest plants 80 cm, and lowest check Žitarka 70 cm. The variability coefficient ranged from 20.5 to 28.7. The variability parameters for most important quantitative traits implicate to very suitable reaction to growing under different production conditions for cvs. Patria, Marija and Liberta. Based on the obtained yields and variability parameters, development of wheat varieties which can meet both criteria: yielding capacity and stability seems to be possible

A contribution to understanding S-shaped clasps

U članku su autori obradili deset dosad nepoznatih spona s korpusom u obliku slova S, koje su pronađene prigodom različitih zemljanih radova na nekoliko lokaliteta u Hrvatskoj i susjednim državama. S obzirom na to da je rijec o rijetkoj vrsti artefakata - poznato ih je tek nekoliko desetaka - noviji takvi nalazi znatno pridonose, među inim, spoznaji o njihovoj tipologiji i rasprostranjenosti. O toj vrsti arheološke građe malo se zna. Naime, često za tu skupinu artefakata nedostaju precizni podatci o mjestima i okolnostima pronalaska. To je znatno otežalo njihovu interpretaciju. Starije takve nalaze mnogi su znanstvenici različito vremenski opredjeljivali, uglavnom ih pripisujuci razdoblju seobe naroda. Naime, u stručnoj literaturi prevladava mišljenje da ta vrsta arheološke građe zapravo pripada Istočnim Gotima. Međutim, autori ovoga članka ističu nekoliko činjenica koje upućuju na to da spone s korpusom u obliku slova S vjerojatno ipak valja pripisati rimskoj provincijalnoj baštini, i to 3. i 4. st. Već sam po sebi prikaz zmijolike glave razjapljenih usta s krestom iznad tjemena, figurativni ukras koji se često nalazi na takvim sponama, nije bio nepoznat rimskome svijetu. Dapače, takav prikaz zmaja (draco) bio je sastavni dio jedne vrste bojnoga stijega, isprva rimske konjice, a poslije i drugih rodova vojske anticke velesile. Također, takvom zmijolikom glavom često su ukrašene mnogobrojne i veoma rasprostranjene pređice koje sigurno pripadaju kasnoantickome razdoblju. Naposljetku, iznimno važan nalaz za datiranje spona s korpusom u obliku slova S potječe iz jednoga, doduše slabo poznatoga rimskoga groba otkrivenoga u Bosiljevu. Naime, ondje je takva spona nađena zajedno sa sidrastom fibulom, vrstom koja grobnu cjelinu datira najkasnije u pocetak 3. st.In this article the authors examine ten until-now unknown S-shaped clasps which were found during various earth works at several sites in Croatia and neighbouring countries. Since this is a rare type of artefact - only several dozen are known to exist - more recent discoveries greatly contribute, among other things, to knowledge on their typology and distribution. Little is known about this type of archaeological material. Often precise data on the sites and circumstances of discovery for this group of artefacts is missing, making interpretation difficult. Scholars have dated older artefacts of this type differently, generally attributing them to the period of the Migration Period. The prevailing view in the scholarly literature is that this type of archaeological artefact should be attributed to the Ostrogoths. However, the authors of this article highlight several facts which indicate that S-shaped clasps should be attributed to the Roman provincial heritage of the third and fourth centuries. The portrayal of the serpentine head with gaping mouth and a crest above it is a frequent figural decoration often found on such clasps, and it was not unknown in the Roman world. Moreover, this portrayal of a dragon (draco) was an integral component of a type of battle standardmilitary of this ancient superpower. Also, this serpentine head was often used to decorate numerous and widespread buckles which certainly belong to Late Antiquity. Finally, an exceptionally important discovery to date S-shaped clasps was made in a certain lesser known Roman grave discovered in Bosiljevo. Such a clasp was found together with an anchor-shaped fibula, a type that dates the entire grave unit to the early third century at the latest