20 research outputs found
FILAGGRIN GENE NULL-MUTATIONS AND ATOPIC DISEASES
DosadaÅ”nja istraživanja pokazuju da su null-mutacije gena, odnosno gubitak funkcije gena koji kodira protein filagrin (FLG), Äija je funkcija održavanje strukture i hidracije epidermisa, povezane s nastankom atopijskih poremeÄaja, ponajprije sa sindromom atopijskog ekcema/dermatitisa (AEDS). Sveukupno je dosad izolirano 40-tak razliÄitih null-mutacija FLG Äiji udio varira meÄu svjetskim populacijama. U zapadnoj Europi i Sjevernoj Americi null-mutacije FLG su prisutne u 10% populacije bijele rase od Äega su najÄeÅ”Äe mutacije R501X i 2282del4. Rezultati objavljenih europskih studija ukazuju da rasprostranjenost mutacija R501X i 2282del4 FLG ovisi o geografskoj Å”irini, tj. da postoji gradijent uÄestalosti navedenih
mutacija od sjevera prema jugu. Koža nosioca null-mutacije FLG podložnija je utjecaju razliÄitih Å”tetnosti te poremeÄena kožna barijera uzrokovana mutacijama FLG može biti dostatna za razvoj nespecifi Änih kožnih simptoma povezanih s atopijskim i neatopijskim kožnim poremeÄajima. EpidemioloÅ”ke studije ukazuju na povezanost null-mutacija FLG s AEDS, dok rezultati o povezanosti null-mutacija FLG s razvojem senzibilizacije na uobiÄajene inhalacijske alergene, razvojem rinitisa i astme neovisno o prisutnosti AEDS nisu jednoznaÄni. U hrvatskoj populaciji utvrÄena je mala uÄestalost nullmutacija FLG (2,6 %), te one nisu potvrÄene kao znaÄajni etioloÅ”ki Äimbenici u pojavi atopije i atopijskih bolesti u ispitivanoj
populaciji.Null-mutations which cause loss of function of the gene encoding filaggrin (FLG) have been strongly linked to the development of atopic disorders, predominantly atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome (AEDS). Filaggrin plays a key role in epidermal barrier function by upholding epidermal structure and moisturization. Up to now, around 40 variants of FLG nullmutations have been genotyped among different world populations. FLG null-mutations are present in up to 10% of the Caucasian population in Western Europe and North America, with R05X and 2282del4 as the most common null-mutations. Epidemiological studies conducted in Europe indicate a latitude dependent distribution of common FLG null-mutations with a decreasing north-south gradient of R501X and 2282del4 mutation frequencies. FLG null-mutation carriers are prone to develop unspecific skin symptoms related to atopic and non-atopic skin disorders due to their defect of epidermal barrier function, which allows greater skin penetration of various hazards. Epidemiological studies indicate an association of FLG null-mutations with AEDS, whereas results regarding an association of FLG null-mutations with sensitization to common inhalant allergens and development of rhinitis and asthma are incoherent. A study conducted in Croatia found a low frequency of FLG null-mutations in general population (2.6%) and did not confi rm FLG null-mutations as an etiological factor for atopy and atopic disease in the studied population
Odnos ultrazvuÄnih parametara gustoÄe kostiju, pluÄne funkcije i indeksa tjelesne mase u zdrave studentske populacije
Low bone mineral density has been reported in paediatric and adult patients with different lung diseases, but limited data are available on the association between lung function and bone density in a healthy young population. We explored the predictors of association between bone mass and pulmonary function in healthy first-year university students, focusing on body mass index (BMI). In this cross-sectional study we measured bone density with ultrasound and lung function with spirometry in 370 university students (271 girls and 99 boys). Information on lifestyle habits, such as physical activity, smoking, and alcohol consumption were obtained with a questionnaire. All lung function and bone parameters were significantly higher in boys than in girls (P<0.001). Underweight students had a significantly lower forced vital capacity (FVC%) (P=0.001 girls; P=0.012 boys), while overweight students had a significantly higher FVC% than normal weight students (P=0.024 girls; P=0.001 boys). BMI significantly correlated with FVC% (P=0.001) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1 %) in both genders (P=0.001 girls; P=0.018 boys) and with broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) in boys. There were no significant associations between any of the bone and lung function parameters either in boys or girls. The most important determinant of lung function and ultrasound bone parameters in our study population was body mass index, with no direct association between bone density and lung function.Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da pedijatrijski i odrasli bolesnici s razliÄitim pluÄnim bolestima mogu imati nisku mineralnu gustoÄu kostiju, meÄutim ograniÄeni podaci postoje o povezanosti pluÄne funkcije i gustoÄe kostiju u zdravoj mladoj populaciji. U ovom presjeÄnom istraživanju analizirali smo Äimbenike koji mogu utjecati na povezanost pluÄne funkcije i koÅ”tane gustoÄe u 370 zdravih studenata prve godine studija. Uz mjerenje visine i težine, ispitanicima je spirometrijski odreÄena pluÄna funkcija, izmjerena mineralna gustoÄa kostiju ultrazvuÄnom metodom te su prikupljeni podaci o tjelesnoj aktivnosti, puÅ”enju i unosu alkohola. Svi dobiveni pokazatelji pluÄne funkcije i mineralne gustoÄe kostiju bili su znaÄajno veÄi u muÅ”kih ispitanika u odnosu na djevojke (P<0,001). U odnosu na ispitanike s normalnom tjelesnom težinom, pothranjeni ispitanici imali su znaÄajno manji forsirani vitalni kapacitet (FVC %) (P=0,001 djevojke; P=0,012 mladiÄi), a ispitanici s prekomjernom težinom znaÄajno veÄi FVC % (P=0,024 djevojke; P=0,001 mladiÄi). Indeks tjelesne mase (ITM) u oba je spola znaÄajno korelirao s FVC % (P=0,001) i s forsiranim ekspiratornim volumenom u prvoj sekundi (FEV1 %) (P=0,001 djevojke; P=0,018 mladiÄi), kao i sa slabljenjem ultrazvuÄnog vala pri prolasku kroz kost (BUA) u mladiÄa. Nije naÄena znaÄajna izravna povezanost izmeÄu pokazatelja pluÄne funkcije i koÅ”tane gustoÄe. Regresijskom je analizom indeks tjelesne mase utvrÄen kao najvažniji prediktor pluÄne funkcije i koÅ”tane gustoÄe u ispitanika obaju spolova
Izloženost endotoksinu u drvopreraÄivaÄkoj industriji: odnos izmeÄu razina izmjerenih u zraku i na tlu
Wood processing is usually performed in environments with large amounts of endotoxin-rich bioaerosols that are associated with a variety of health effects. The aim of this preliminary study was to assess the relation between endotoxin levels in settled and airborne dust in wood-processing industry. Ten pairs of airborne and settled dust samples were collected in a sawmill and parquet manufacture of two wood-processing plants in Croatia. Endotoxin was assayed with a chromogenic end-point LAL (Limulus amebocyte lysate) method. The results showed that endotoxin levels in airborne respirable dust were above the proposed occupational exposure limit of 125 EU m-3 and could be considered hazardous for the respiratory system.
In settled dust they ranged between 229.7 EU mg-1 and 604.3 EU mg-1 and in airborne dust between 166.8 EU mg-1 and 671.6 EU m-3, but there was no signifi cant correlation between them (Spearmanās
rho=0.358, P=0.310). This study points to sawmill settled dust as endotoxin reservoir and suggests that it may add to already high exposure to airborne endotoxins associated with wood processing. Investigations of the relation between settled and airborne endotoxin levels should be continued to better understand the sources and sites of endotoxin contamination in wood-processing industry.DrvopreraÄivaÄka industrija radna je sredina s izloženoÅ”Äu velikim koliÄinama bioaerosola bogatog endotoksinom, Å”to je povezano s uÄincima na zdravlje izložene radne populacije. Cilj ove studije bio je
procijeniti odnos izmeÄu razina endotoksina u sedimentiranoj praÅ”ini i zraku (aerosoliziranoj praÅ”ini) drvopreraÄivaÄkih radnih prostora. Deset parova uzoraka zraka i sedimentirane praÅ”ine skupljeno je u
dvije tvornice za preradu drva (pilanama i pogonima za proizvodnju parketa) u Hrvatskoj. Endotoksin je izmjeren kromogenom āend-pointā LAL (Limulus amebocitni lizat) metodom. Rezultati su pokazali da razine endotoksina u aerosoliziranoj respirabilnoj praÅ”ini drvopreraÄivaÄkih pogona prelaze preporuÄene granice izloženosti za radne prostore od 125 EU m-3, pa se mogu smatrati Å”tetnima za diÅ”ni sustav izloženih radnika. Razine endotoksina izmjerene u sedimentiranoj i aerosoliziranoj praÅ”ini kretale su se u sliÄnu
rasponu [(229.7 do 604.3) EU mg-1 i (166.8 do 671.6) EU m-3], ali nije utvrÄena znaÄajna korelacija razina endotoksina izmeÄu parova uzoraka sedimentirane i aerosolizirane praÅ”ine (Spearman rho=0.358, P=0.310).
Ovi rezultati upuÄuju na to da uz velike koliÄine proizvedene i aerosolizirane drvne praÅ”ine u sklopu radnih operacija u pilanama, razini endotoksina u aerosoliziranoj respirabilnoj praÅ”ini može pridonijeti i uskovitlana sedimentirana praÅ”ina koja je dodatni rezervoar endotoksina. Istraživanje odnosa izmeÄu razina endotoksina u sedimentiranoj i aerosoliziranoj praÅ”ini treba nastaviti kako bi se bolje defi nirali izvori i mjesta kontaminirana endotoksinom u pilanama
Quality of communication at the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Zagreb University Hospital Center
Istraživanje je provedeno kako bi se ispitalo zadovoljstvo i utvrdilo iskustvo roditelja hospitalizirane djece s razliÄitim aspektima komunikacije
s medicinskim osobljem za vrijeme bolniÄkog lijeÄenja. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo osamdeset pet roditelja djece hospitalizirane
na Zavodu za djeÄju kirurgiju i urologiju Klinike za kirurgiju KBC Zagreb. Za potrebe istraživanja primijenjen je prilagoÄeni
āUpitnik o iskustvima roditelja djece s teÅ”koÄama u razvoju u komunikaciji s medicinskim osobljemā. Upitnik su ispunjavali roditelji na
dan djetetova otpusta iz bolnice. Roditelji medicinsko osoblje najÄeÅ”Äe ocjenjuju kao profesionalno, ljubazno i empatiÄno. Informacije
koje su dobili u razgovoru bile su im razumljive, a to su provjerili lijeÄnici. NajviÅ”e informacija dobili su o djetetovom trenutnom
stanju i o tijeku i postupcima lijeÄenja. Svi roditelji smatraju važnim da na Zavodu postoji struÄna osoba koja pruža psihosocijalnu
potporu. NajveÄi broj ispitanih roditelja izjavio je da su im od medicnskog osoblja najveÄu potporu pružili lijeÄnik i medicinske sestre.
Na pitanje o zadovoljstvu s komunikacijom s medicinskim osobljem opÄenito, veÄina ispitanika izjasnila se kao vrlo zadovoljni (75%
ih je vrlo zadovoljno s komunikacijom s lijeÄnikom, 82% ih je vrlo zadovoljno s komunikacijom s medicinskim sestrama). Odnos
medicinskog osoblja i obitelji važan je u procesu lijeÄenja djece i adolescenata. Primjerena komunikacija medicinskog osoblja i roditelja
umanjuje stres roditelja zbog bolesti i lijeÄenja i unapreÄuje tijek i rezultate lijeÄenja.The study was designed to assess the level of parental satisfaction and experience with diff erent aspects of communication with
medical personnel during hospitalization of their children. The study included eighty-fi ve parents of children hospitalized at the Division
of Pediatric Surgery and Urology, Department of Surgery, Zagreb University Hospital Center in Zagreb. On the day of discharge
from the hospital, the parents voluntarily fi lled in the specially designed questionnaire. In most cases, parents rated medical personnel
as professional, kind and sympathetic. They understood information provided by medical personnel and physicians made sure that
the parents fully understood what had been communicated to them. Most of the given information was about the current medical
condition of the child, and the course and procedures of treatment. All participating parents consider professional psychosocial support
as an important asset on the ward. Regarding the support given by medical personnel, most parents stated that it was provided
by both the physician and the nurse. When asked to rate their satisfaction with communication with medical personnel in general, the
majority of parents stated that they were very satisfi ed (75% very satisfi ed with communication with physicians and 82% very satisfi ed
with communication with nurses). In conclusion, the relationship between medical personnel and patient family is important in the
process of the child and adolescent treatment. Appropriate communication between medical personnel and parents reduces the
parentsā stress caused by their children sickness and treatment and improves the course and outcome of treatment
Interaction of filaggrin gene polymorphisms and environmental factors with atopic diseases in young adult population
Atopijske bolesti diÅ”nog sustava i koÅ£e uzrokovane su meÄudjelovanjem razliÄitih gena i okoliÅ”nih Äimbenika. Hipoteza disertacije je da polimorfizam gena (R501X, 2282del4, R2447X i S3247X) koji kodira filagrin (FLG) utjeÄe na pojavu atopijskih bolesti, a ovaj uÄinak mijenja se meÄudjelovanjem Äimbenika naÄina Å£ivota (tip naselja, tip grijanja, kontakt sa Å£ivotinjama, puÅ”enje, tjelesna aktivnost, BMI, prehrana). U istraÅ£ivanju je sudjelovalo 439 studenata prve godine studija SveuÄiliÅ”ta u Zagrebu kod kojih je provedeno alergoloÅ”ko testiranje, spirometrija s bronhodilatatornim testom i genotipizacija FLG, ispunjavanje upitnika o zdravstvenom stanju i naÄinu Å£ivota te prehrambenog upitnika. UtvrÄena je niska uÄestalost istraÅ£ivanih ānullā mutacija FLG (2,6%) u hrvatskoj populaciji koje nisu potvrÄene kao znaÄajni etioloÅ”ki Äimbenici u pojavi atopije i atopijskih bolesti. PoveÄan rizik od atopije bio je povezan s muÅ”kim spolom, pozitivnom obiteljskom anamnezom peludne hunjavice u oca i izloÅ£enosti glodavcima u kasnijem djetinjstvu. PoveÄan rizik od ekspresije simptoma atopijskih bolesti bio je povezan sa Å£enskim spolom, pozitivnom anamnezom alergijskih bolesti koÅ£e i diÅ”nog sustava u majke, kontaktom s maÄkom u djetinjstvu, manjom tjelesnom aktivnosti, slabijom uhranjenoÅ”Äu, stanovanju sa centralnim grijanjem te ÄeÅ”Äom konzumacijom iznutrica. Protektivan uÄinak prema atopiji utvrÄen je za izloÅ£enost pticama i domaÄim Å£ivotinjama u ranom djetinstvu, a protektivni uÄinak na ekspresiju atopijskih diÅ”nih simptoma imala je ÄeÅ”Äa konzumacija jabuka i agruma.Pathogenesis of atopic disorders such as atopic rhinitis, atopic asthma and atopic dermatitis lies in gene-environment interactions. Hypothesis of this study is that in Croatian population filaggrin gene (FLG) polymorphisms (R501X, 2282del4, R2447X i S3247X) contribue to atopic diseases, and that this contribution is modulated by environmetal factors (settlement type, heating type, animal contact, smoking, physical activity, BMI, nutrition). The study enrolled 439 freshmen students at the University of Zagreb which underwent allergy testing, spirometry with bronchodilatation testing, FLG genotyping and answering a questionnaire regarding health, lifestyle and food intake. Results indicate low frequency of investigated FLG null mutations (2,6%), thus being unconfirmed as significant etiological factors for atopy and atopic diseases in this population. However, significant risk for atopy was associated with male gender, paternal family history of hay-fever and rodent pet exposure in later childhood. Elevated risk of atopic symptom expression was positively associated with female gender, maternal family history of respiratory and skin allergy, childhood cat exposure, physical inactivity, lower BMI, households with central heating and offal consumption. Exposure to birds and farm animals in early childhood was protective against atopy, whereas higher consumption of apples and citrus fruits protected from symptoms of atopic diseases