Health Adjusted GDP (HAGDP) Measures of the Relationship Between Economic Growth, Health Outcomes and Social Welfare

Welfare economic analysis of health issues and policies can provide well balanced orderings of the state of the economy. This paper provides an innovative framework for welfare economic analysis of the relationships between economic growth, health outcomes and social welfare for both a developing and a developed country. Economic growth can increase health outcomes and social welfare but its influence is limited by biological laws. Further, achieving economic growth may have negative externalities which reduce health outcomes (particularly when biological health limits are reached). A new health adjusted GDP indicator to investigate the relationship between economic growth, health outcomes and social welfare in both a developing and developed country using social choice perspectives is developed in this paper. This new approach to social welfare analysis is also based on cost-benefit analysis and systems analysis and is called the social choice approach. The importance of good health is crucial when determining social welfare. The major limitation of many health-based indicators is that they can fail to adequately consider social welfare issues, such as equity and efficiency. Social choice theory allows optimal health outcomes to be fully considered in terms of equity and efficiency when determining the impact of economic growth on social welfare. Social choice theory incorporates the various “social concerns” that are not adequately captured using individual preference satisfaction techniques. This paper analyses the health outcomes resulting from economic growth (costs and benefits) using Thailand and Australia as case studies, from 1975 to 1999. Two health adjusted gross domestic product (HAGDP) indices are prepared in this paper by adjusting GDP to reflect the social welfare impacts of achieving economic growth on health outcomes.

Cylindrically symmetric wormholes

This paper discusses traversable wormholes that differ slightly but significantly from those of the Morris-Thorne type under the assumption of cylindrical symmetry. The throat is a piecewise smooth cylindrical surface resulting in a shape function that is not differentiable at some value. It is proposed that the regular derivative be replaced by a one-sided derivative at this value. The resulting wormhole geometry satisfies the weak energy condition.Comment: Supplied missing figures; 15 pages AMSTe

A study of electron transport processes in cadmium sulphide using the acoustoelectric effect

The current saturation associated with the acoustoelectric effect has been investigated in photoconducting crystals of cadmium sulphide. Under normal band gap irradiation the current-voltage characteristic measured under pulsed conditions shows a departure from Ohm's law at a critical field, E(_c), of the order of l0(^3)v cm(^-1). The current saturation is associated with the internal generation of acoustic flux which occurs when the electron drift velocity, v(_d), exceeds the velocity of sound, v(_s), in the crystal. In consequence the critical field for saturation is determined by the drift mobility µ(_d) = v(_s) /E(_c). The work described in this thesis concerns the measurement of the drift mobility and its relationship to the experimentally determined Hall mobility, fd^, as a function of conductivity and temperature. In uniform samples the critical field at room temperature was independent of conductivity over the range 10(^-4) to 10(^-2) ohm(^-1)cm(^-1). The corresponding values of µ(_d)were all about 300 cm(^2)v(^-1)sec(^-1) in most of the samples studied and agreed well with the measured values of the Hall mobility. With non-uniform samples, however, the critical field varied strongly with the intensity of incident illumination. Under saturated conditions potential probe measurements on uniform samples revealed the presence of a stationary high field domain near the positive electrode

Weak-Light Ultraslow Vector Optical Solitons via Electromagnetically Induced Transparency

We propose a scheme to generate temporal vector optical solitons in a lifetime broadened five-state atomic medium via electromagnetically induced transparency. We show that this scheme, which is fundamentally different from the passive one by using optical fibers, is capable of achieving distortion-free vector optical solitons with ultraslow propagating velocity under very weak drive conditions. We demonstrate both analytically and numerically that it is easy to realize Manakov temporal vector solitons by actively manipulating the dispersion and self- and cross-phase modulation effects of the system.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure